SCREENING OF JUICES THROUGH ROTARY AND DSM SCREEN

During the year 2008, DSM screen having slot size 0.7mm installed at mill house for screening of mixed juice and DSM screen with slot size 0.35mm working for screening of clear juice were replaced by two rotary screens of 0.5mm slot size for mixed juice and 0.2mm slot size for clear juice. after initial operational difficulties both the screens worked satisfactorily, not only clarity of clear juice increased but bagacillo particle in juices decreased which resulted less scale formation in juice heaters, evaporator tubes and back liner of continuous centrifugal. Also, e-circulation/ overflow of juice at the 2 mills was considerably reduced, resulting in improved mill working.

ADVANTAGES OF SCREENING IMBIBITION JUICES

Traditionally, all imbibition juices were screened through perforated sheets and cush cush was conveyed by scraper conveyor cum elevator ahead of mill # 2 in the tandem. With the introduction of DSM screens for the screening of mixed juice, the screening of imbibition juices was also discontinued and these juices were pumped directly along with cush cush through chockless pumps. At Shahtaj, we started screening of imbibition juices which proved to be a great success. In this case study, the advantages / benefits of new adopted system shall be discussed.

SCREENING OF SUGARCANE CLONES UNDER ZONAL YIELD TRIALS III, II, I AND ADVANCED YIELD TRIALS AGAINST SMUT DISEASE (USTALIGO SCITAMINEA) IN PLANT CANE

A field trial was conducted on sugarcane genotype /clones against sugarcane smut disease (Ustilago Scitaminea) at Bangladesh sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI) farm, Ishurdi, Pubna during the cropping season 2010 -11 for plant cane. Forty-seven clones were inoculated by I g smut teliospore/liter of water equivalent to 105 -106 spore /ml, for 30 minutes mixed with tween 20 for the inoculation of smut spore by dipping method. Among them 32 clones were (R) resistant ,6 Clones were (MR) moderately Resistant, 6 were (MS) Moderately susceptible,2 were (S) Susceptible and only one clone 15-08 highly susceptible found to sugarcane smut disease.

THE PAKISTAN SUGAR INDUSTRY ITS CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS

The small sugar industry can afford to idle along using Research and development (R & D) produced (and paid for) by other sugar industries but when it is big with world standards it's a different matter. This study was important because Pakistan is 5th largest producer of sugarcane but it still lacks major advancement in production and marketing. The largest producers are Brazil, India, Thailand, China, and Pakistan accounting for more than 70% of world production. Brazil has the highest area (5.34 million hectares) while Australia has the highest productivity a n d s u g a r c a n e y i e l d (85 tons per hectare). Sugarcane is the second largest cash crop of Pakistan and is being cultivated on 1.06 million hectares with 55 t ha cane yield and sugar yield of 5.5 t ha, contributing around 3.6 % of Gross domestic production. The installed capacity of 85 sugar factories is to produce 7.5 million tons of refined sugar and domestic demand is around 4.5 million tons. This shows it’s export potential of 3.5 million tons, annually.

ENERGY AND EXERGY ANALYSIS OF SHAKARGANJ LIMITED JHANG THERMAL POWER PLANT

Exergy analysis has sparked interest within the scientific community to require a more in-depth check up on the energy conversation devices. Exergy analysis gives entropy generation, irreversibility percentage exergy loss and second law efficiency. The exergy loss or irreversibility is the maximum at boiler. Thus to know about actual flow of exergy in the cycle thermodynamic analysis based on second law is desirable. In this report exergy analysis of operating condition of boiler has been carried out based on mass and exergy balance. The power plant boiler was simulated based on the measured operating data and the thermodynamic states of the plant components. . It has been found that maximum exergy destruction occurs due to combustion process. Exergy efficiency of boiler according to second law analysis and the exergy analysis of back pressure steam turbine is performed. It is found that at minimum flue gas outlet temperature second law efficiency is the maximum.

RESPONSE OF SUGARCANE ON AGRO CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND DROUGHT WITH MITIGATION STRATEGIES

Climatic changes are the main concerns of varying crop yields nowadays. The world has reached where it will start a journey towards deterioration. Sustainable production will ensure food security in days to come. Sugarcane is considered a major crop for sugar as well as bio-fuel production in the world. Environmental changes have severely affected the cane production worldwide especially in the developing countries because of relatively low adaptive capacity, high vulnerability to natural hazards, poor forecasting systems and mitigating strategies. The changing rainfall patterns (Monsoon season) during July to September due to climate change may result in water stress induced by drought although harvesting efficiency is expected to increase. These studies also expound on the mitigation and adaptation strategies that can be employed in the sugarcane industry as a way of reducing losses in sugarcane production. This will also help to know how cane production is affected due to extreme environmental changes in Pakistan.

NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN SUGAR BEET: A REVIEW

Sugar is an important source of energy for the human body although it receives blame for many health problems, without it, the body would cease to function properly. Nearby thirty percent of the world sugar comes from sugar beet. Production of sugar beet globally spans diverse regions with a wide range of climatic and agro-ecological regions which shows exclusive management challenges. Fertilizer or nutrient management is one of the practices that associate with fertilizer use efficiency and production of the crops including sugar beet. As the nutrient management interacts with different agro-ecological areas and soils, the fertilizer recommendations and management have become regional and site-specific. Maximizing beet and sugar yields, the knowledge of the management of the fertilizers or nutrition is very essential. This article is to understand the impact of different fertilizers in different management practices including the major nutrients of the crop, fertilizer rate, timing, and method of application either solely or in a mixture or integrated manner with reviewing diverse research experiments. Moreover, it will help to approach future strategies and needs for making the production of sugar beet as a cost-effective crop with new improving management technologies for the farmers.

OPTIMIZED SUBSURFACE IRRIGATION SYSTEM (OPSIS). THE FUTURE OF SUGARCANE IRRIGATION

An experiment was conducted in Sugarcane Research Institute (SRI) Faisalabad during 20172018 and 2018-2019 cropping seasons to find out the effect of different irrigation levels on growth and yield parameters of five sugarcane clones. Sugarcane is a tropical crop with C4 Photosynthetic metabolism. Due to irrigation water shortages, water stress is common in sugarcane. Major Responses of drought in sugarcane is leaf rolling. Stomatal Closure inhibition of stalk and leaf growth, leaf senescence and reduced leaf area (due to its phenomenal dry matter production capacity) are other symptoms of water stress.

DEVELOPMENT OF VERTEBRATE PEST MANAGEMENT MODELS FOR SUGARCANE CROP

Sugarcane crop is heavily damaged by a complex of rodent species and wild boar. The damaged sugarcane becomes infested with microorganisms and other physiological stresses, resulting in reduction of weight and sugar recovery. In this regard a study was carried out to know the damage caused by rodents to four varieties of sugar cane grown at Thatta. In these studies maximum damage by rodents was observed to BL-4 (10.29±0.44%) variety followed by BL-129 (10.23±0.35) and Thatta-10 (7.31±0.22%) in the month of November. To manage the vertebrate pests Integrated Pest Management approach was tested and the pest management model is designed for its adoption by the sugarcane growers after research and practical studies. In these studies egg mixed brodifacoum bait proved the most promising one in achieving (92.55±0.55%) rat reduction followed by bromdiolone (89.87±0.6%) and Zinc Phosphide bait (84.10±1.00%). Paraffinized Zinc Phosphide Capsular Technology used to kill wild boar population proved very successful by reducing the activity upto 98.11 Percent on the fifth day. The proposed model is a combination of mechanical, chemical and habitat manipulation approaches, which will help to enhance the crop yield through minimizing pest infestation.

PLANTATION OF A NEW FORMULA TO ASSESS PURITY OF FINAL MOLASSES

Loss of sucrose in final molasses is a major financial loss to a sugar factory; all efforts are to be made to curtail this loss. The apparent purity concept is unable to quantify the degree of molasses exhaustion but the Target Purity Formula can be used as bench mark to fulfill this purpose. Target Purity formula is a function of mono saccharides and inorganic components. A number of Target Purity Formulas have been presented in the past. Thirty tests of analysis of molasses exhaustion were collected from various sugar mills of the country in three years. All available Target Purity Formula applied on these tests to find an appropriate formula which can be used to quantify the exhaustion of final molasses for our country. Evaluating some of the Target Purity Formulas, a new formula is being planted (40.86-14.60 log Rs/A) and checked against all thirty tests analysis of final molasses exhaustion and found suitable for our country.