Learning from Video Games (and Everything Else)

Video games can have many effects on players, some of which could be intentional effects (e.g., games designed to train health compliance behaviors), and most of which are unintentional (e.g., violent games, stereotypes, gaming disorder). Some of these areas of research have been seen as controversial, but many of the controversies can be at least partially resolved by considering the learning mechanisms underlying the effects. We describe the General Learning Model in greater detail than has been provided elsewhere, including short-term and long-term mechanisms, processes of learning and forgetting, and moderators of learning. Video games use many of the best practices to train for both mastery and for transfer of learning. The implications for re-interpreting the literature on violent video games and gaming disorder, as well as for applied social psychology broadly defined, are discussed.

Null Hypothesis Significance Testing: A Brief Review

Null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) dominates the interpretation of quantitative data analysis in education, psychology, and other social science fields (Shaver, 1993). Meanwhile, the use of NHST has been under enduring and intense criticisms (Carver, 1978; Cohen, 1997; Cumming, 2013; Thompson, 1993, 1996, 1999). In 2015, the journal, Basic and Applied Social Psychology (BASP; Trafimow & Marks, 2015) banned the use of NHST, reigniting another round of intense discussions about whether continue using the NHST technique. In the present paper, I have elaborated the definition of NHST and six most commonmisinterpretations/false beliefs, and suggested reporting strategies, including reporting effect size along with its interval estimates. Finally, I briefly commented on the causes of misconceptions

Trends in the Study of Attitudes to Appearance from the Point of View of Applied Social Psychology

Objective. The review article aims to consider from the point of view of applied social psychology the phenomenon of perception, evaluation, self-esteem, concern, satisfaction with the appearance, perfectionist attitude to it and to highlight trends, directions of their study. Background. Applied and practical importance of the psychology of the appearance predetermined the accumulation of a huge amount of empirical data and the development of a number of theoretical directions. The current comparison of trends in the development of domestic and foreign psychology of the appearance, the search for directions uniting them. The article consists of three subsections, taking into account the components of the appearance, the dynamics of the attitude to appearance in accordance with the context of interaction andolfactory determinism. Methodology. An interdisciplinary approach; review and analysis of trends in the study of attitudes to appearance. Conclusions. The interdisciplinary status of the external appearance determines a wide range of research areas. The trend of studying individual components of the appearance of their perception, evaluation, self-assessment, influence on concern, satisfaction with the appearance prevails. In domestic research, the development of trends that have developed in the world psychology is carried out. Modern trends are the consideration of a holistic external appearance in different contexts of interaction, the systematization and modeling of a set of factors that determine the attitude to appearance, and its study taking into account the tasks of applied psychology.

Cultural Psychology in the 21st Century

Chapter 16 reflects upon the past contributions of cultural psychology and the directions the discipline will travel in the future. It discusses influential thinkers in the 20th and 21st centuries and reconsiders constructs such as individualism and collectivism. It addresses current and future research endeavors in personality, the self and personality, depression, face, face and self-perceptions, values research, and the connection between values and social change. It also addresses current and future research in development through the subtopics of the Six Cultures Study on Socialization, children as active agents, socialization, education, and parenting. Finally it explores the current and future directions of the topics mental health issues, emotions, applied social psychology, morality, and cultural collisions. This chapter includes a case study, Culture Across Disciplines box, chapter summary, key terms, a What Do Other disciplines Do? section, thought-provoking questions, and class and experiential activities.