Distribution and species composition of zooplankton (rotifers and crustaceans) in the Basin of the Middle Volga River, Russia

The presented dataset contains information on the distribution and species composition of zooplankton (rotifers and crustaceans) registered in the Basin of the Middle Volga River, Russia. The studies have been performed in the Kuibyshev Reservoir (Samara Oblast and the Republic of Tatarstan), the Saratov Reservoir (Samara Oblast), in several lakes (Raifskoe, Gniloe, Krugloe and Lenevo) in the Volzhsko-Kamsky State Biosphere Reserve (Republic of Tatarstan) and in Lake Aslikul, one of the largest lakes of the Middle Volga River Basin, located in the Asly-Kul Natural Park (Republic of Bashkortostan). The hydrobiological data were obtained and published from 1957 to 2020. In total, the dataset includes 5141 records of 111 zooplankton species (including 17 subspecies), belonging to 45 genera. These are mainly native species - 98.5%, while the naturalised, including invasive species, accounts for less than 1.5%. A total of 5141 records have been published on the taxonomic diversity and occurrence of zooplankton (rotifers and crustaceans) in the Middle Volga River Basin. Each record includes information about the place and date of finding the specimen, its taxonomy, occurrence and abundance and the collector. If the information about the find has been published, a link to the corresponding reference is provided. The presented dataset supplements the data on the distribution of zooplankton species in the European part of Russia. Data on zooplankton in the Middle Volga River Basin are published for the first time.

Risk Factors of African Swine Fever in Domestic Pigs of the Samara Region, Russian Federation

African swine fever (ASF) is an incurable viral disease of domestic and wild pigs. A large-scale spread of ASF began in Eurasia in 2007 and has affected territories from Belgium to the Far East, occurring as both local- and regional-level epidemics. In 2020, a massive ASF epidemic emerged in the southeastern region of European Russia in the Samara Oblast and included 41 outbreaks of ASF in domestic pigs and 40 cases in wild boar. The Samara Oblast is characterized by a relatively low density of wild boar (0.04–0.05 head/km2) and domestic pigs (1.1–1.3 head/km2), with a high prevalence of small-scale productions (household farms). This study aims to understand the driving forces of the disease and perform a risk assessment for this region using complex epidemiological analyses. The socioeconomic and environmental factors of the ASF outbreak were explored using Generalized Linear Logistic Regression, where ASF infection status of the Samara Oblast districts was treated as a response variable. Presence of the virus in a district was found to be most significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the importation of live pigs from ASF-affected regions of Russia (OR = 371.52; 95% CI: 1.58–87290.57), less significantly (p < 0.1) associated with the density of smallholder farms (OR = 2.94; 0.82–10.59), volume of pork products' importation from ASF-affected regions of Russia (OR = 1.01; 1.00–1.02), summary pig population (OR = 1.01; 0.99–1.02), and insignificantly (p > 0.1) associated with presence of a common border with an ASF-affected region (OR = 89.2; 0.07–11208.64). No associations were found with the densities of pig and wild boar populations. The colocation analysis revealed no significant concentration of outbreaks in domestic pigs near cases in wild boar or vice versa. These results suggest that outbreaks notified in low biosecurity household farms were mainly associated with the transportation and trade of pigs and pork products from ASF-affected regions of Russia. The findings underline the importance of taking into account animal transportation data while conducting future studies to develop a risk map for the region and the rest of European Russia.

State-Church Relations and the Religious Situation in a Provincial Town in 1997–2003 (On the Example of Tolyatti)

Introduction. The goal of the article is to investigate the nature and assess the results of statechurch relations in Tolyatti after the implementation of the Federal Law “On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations” of September 26, 1997. Materials and Methods. In order to implement the goal of the research, we used the materials of the municipal public institution “Tolyatti Archive” (orders and resolutions of the mayor of Tolyatti), data from periodicals, memoirs of contemporaries, materials of the current archive of the Samara diocesan administration closed to the public (reports of the ruling Bishop of the Samara diocese to the Moscow Patriarchate), materials from the author’s personal archive: reports of the assistant governors of Samara Oblast on religious issues reports of both secular and ecclesiastical officials on the religious situation in Samara Oblast and Tolyatti, other official and unofficial documents, many of which, due to their specificity, do not end up in Church or secular archives (correspondence between the heads of local religious organizations with Tolyatti Duma and City Hall officials; protocols of City Hall meetings on religious issues and the protocols of meetings in the religious organizations, which were conducted by the author). The research methodology includes the method of document analysis. Analysis. The construction of churches, the development of educational institutions, the opening of a monastery, guardianship and fraternities, and the publication of religious periodicals continued in 1997–2003. For Tolyatti’s clergy and believers, the preparation and celebration of the 2000th anniversary of the Nativity of Christ was an opportunity to express themselves in the media, increase the number of parishes and ask the authorities for assistance in solving various life issues including financial assistance. The Orthodox clergy also hoped to solve the problem of various religious organizations and sects functioning on the territory of Tolyatti, which they considered their canonical territory, with the help of the authorities. Results. With the celebration of the 2000th anniversary of Christianity, Orthodox religious organizations strengthened their position in society, established a dialogue with business and government, and gained advantages over other religious organizations in all matters. It was connected with both the allocation of land for temples and their subsequent financing.

ACCEPTANCE TESTS OF THE S-7,2PM4 SEEDER

Материалы статьи посвящены актуальной теме – повышению качества посева семян зерновых культур. В ней отмечено, что известные конструкции лаповых и дисковых сошников имеют значительные тяговое сопротивление, образуют широкую борозду, которую затруднительно заделать, не обеспечивают качественное копирование рельефа поля. Всё это негативно сказывается на равномерности распределения семян зерновых культур, как по длине рядка, так и по глубине заделки. Наиболее перспективным направлением повышения качественных показателей работы посевного агрегата, является оснащение зерновых сеялок комбинированными сошниками. В статье приведено краткое описание и результаты приемочных испытаний зерновой сеялки С-7,2ПМ4 с новыми комбинированными однодисковыми сошниками, разработанными ФГБОУ ВО Пензенский ГАУ совместно с АО «Радиозавод» г. Пенза. Приемочные испытания проводились ФГБУ «Поволжская государственная зональная машиноиспытательная станция» (г. Кинель Самарской обл.) на полях ООО АПК «Комсомолец» Кинельского района Самарской области в соответствии с ГОСТ 31345-2017 «Техника сельскохозяйственная. Сеялки тракторные. Методы испытаний» [1-6]. При этом была проведена агротехническая, энергетическая, эксплуатационно – технологическая и экономическая оценка сеялки. В ходе приемочных испытаний было установлено, что комбинированные однодисковые сошники с копирующими колесами и сеялка С-7,2ПМ4 в целом надежно выполняет технологический процесс. При рабочей скорости агрегата 7,5-10,0 км/ч количество семян, заделанных на заданную глубину составляет 87,2-89,2 %, тяговое сопротивление находилось в пределах 9,45-9,47 кН, что соответствует тракторам тягового класса 1,4, затраты труда составляют 0,27 чел. ч/га, при этом совокупные затраты денежных средств при стоимости сеялки 1241,67 тыс. руб., составили 885,69 руб./га. The article is devoted to the current issue – improving the quality of planting seeds of grain crops. It is noted that the major designs of shovel and disc coulters have significant traction resistance, form a wide furrow, which is difficult to close, and do not provide high-quality following of the field relief. All this negatively affects the uniformity of the distribution of grain seeds, both along the length of the row and the depth of placement. The most promising direction for improving the quality indicators of the sowing unit is to equip grain planters with combined coulters. The article presents a brief description and results of acceptance tests of the S-7,2PM4 (С-7,2ПМ4) grain planter with new combined single-disc coulters developed by the Penza State Agrarian University in cooperation with JSC (AO) "Radiozavod", Penza. Acceptance tests were conducted by the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Volga MIS" (Kinel, Samara Oblast) in the fields of LLC Agro-Industrial Complex "Komsomolets" Kinelsky district of the Samara Oblast in accordance with GOST 31345-2017 "Agricultural machinery. Tractor seeders. Test methods" [1-6]. At the same time, an agrotechnical, energetic, operational, technological and economic assessment of the seeder was carried out. During acceptance tests, it was found that the combined single-disc coulters with gauge-wheels and the S-7,2PM4 (С-7,2ПМ4) seeder reliably perform the technological process. At the working speed of the unit - 7.5-10.0 km/h, the number of seeds covered at a given depth was 87.2-89.2 %, the traction resistance was within 9.45-9.47 kN. It corresponds to tractors of the traction class 1.4. Labour costs were 0.27 work h/ha, while the total cost of money at the price of the seeder - 1241.67 rubles, amounted to 885.69 rubles/ha.