Ferrite Magnet Effect terhadap Emisi Gas Buang Four Stroke Engine 125 CC

<div class="WordSection1"><div class="WordSection1"><p>Emisi gas buang merupakan zat/unsur dari pembakaran didalam ruang bakar yang dilepas ke udara yang ditimbulkan oleh kendaraan bermotor, sehingga dapat menimbulkan dampak terhadap lingkungan, terutama dapat menyebabkan polusi udara, lingkungan, dan perubahan iklim global. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut diperlukan cara lain agar dapat menghemat bakar yang sederhana, bahan relatif murah, dan mudah didapatkan. Salah satu caranya menggunakan <em>ferrite</em> magnet untuk mengurangi emisi gas buang yang dihasilkan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berdasarkan standar SNI 19-7118.3-2005 dengan pengukuran emisi gas buang pada kendaraan berbahan bakar bensin yang dilakukan pada kondisi <em>idle</em>. Namun untuk penelitian dapat juga dilakukan pengujian pada bukaan katup (<em>throttle</em>) yang berubah yang menggunakan metode pengujian kecepatan berubah dengan katup (<em>throttle</em>) terbuka penuh. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa pemasangan <em>ferrite</em> magnet pada kendaraan <em>four stroke engine</em> 125 cc dapat mempengaruhi emisi gas buang kendaraan yang dihasilkan saat menggunakan bahan bakar pertalite maupun pertamax. Kadar emisi gas buang yang didapat adalah 562 ppm vol (<em>ferrite</em> pertalite) untuk gas HC, 8,53% untuk gas CO (pertalite/pertamax), 10,8% untuk gas CO₂ (<em>ferrite</em> pertamax), dan untuk gas O₂ kadar emisinya sebesar 14,91% (<em>ferrite</em> pertalite).</p></div></div>

DO CIRCUIT BREAKERS IMPEDE TRADING BEHAVIOR? A STUDY IN CHINESE FINANCIAL MARKET

As the most influential regulation in 2016, China launched circuit breakers in the financial markets. However, the circuit breaker mechanism was implemented for only four days and then suspended. Many criticisms then stated that circuit breakers impeded trading behavior in Chinese financial markets. This study explores this short-life circuit breaker mechanism in China, and examines whether circuit breakers impede trading behavior in Chinese financial markets as many criticisms stated. We use an intraday dataset and investigate the circuit breakers. Contrary to those criticisms, we find that circuit breakers are not easily reachable and have no “magnet effect” between two thresholds of breakers. We also find that without protection of circuit breakers, potential large market fluctuations will have negative impacts on individual stocks’ liquidity and value. As the major contribution, our study indicates that Chinese financial markets still need a circuit breaker mechanism to protect investors’ benefits and maintain the market liquidity and stability.

A materialidade da língua em alguns aspectos da aquisição e da mudança (The materiality of language in some aspects of acquisition and change)

Neste artigo discute-se a aquisição e a mudança da língua como uma consequência da percepção de sua materialidade. Para isso, foram considerados os modelos da family resemblance e do perceptual magnet effect propostos por Elianor Rusch, a partir de Wittgenstein, e por Patricia Kuhl respectivamente, complementados pela hipótese do motherese como estímulo. Tais propostas foram tomadas como ponto de partida para a aquisição. A mudança, por sua vez, partiu dos modelos da Teoria Matemática da Comunicação, de Claude Shannon, tal como foi reformulado por Roman Jakobson e por Niklas Luhmann. Dados do Finlandês e do Alemão foram considerados como argumentos que justificassem a mudança do Latim para o Português como decorrência da percepção segundo os modelos propostos. Com base nesses argumentos, concluiu-se que a mudança decorreria de reações cumulativas, caracterizadas como aquisição pela formação inicial de formas prototípicas que sofreriam mudanças subsequentes conforme o sistema reaja aos estímulos externos.

Does welfare drive international migration? – a European experience

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of empirical research on welfare magnetism and to assess the size and scope of the welfare magnet effect on the non-EU migrants in selected immigration countries of the European Union. Design/methodology/approach A conditional logistic regression model with interactions is used to estimate the strength of the welfare magnet effect, while controlling for demographic characteristics of the migrants and country-specific economic indicators. Data, used for estimation, comes from the Immigrant Citizen Survey, which provides a large, representative sample of first-generation (i.e. non-EU born) migrants. Various measures of welfare generosity are tested to assure the robustness of the results. Findings The coefficients suggest that the welfare magnet effect is present and significant in some immigrant groups, although it can have a negative impact on location decisions in other cases. Similar results are obtained for wage and unemployment indicators. Research limitations/implications Results corroborate the welfare magnet hypothesis, which states that more generous welfare states should expect greater clustering of negatively-selected (i.e. lower educated) migrants. One potential limitation comes from the sample size, which does not allow for more general conclusions. Practical implications Heterogeneous effects of basic economic indicators in different demographic groups show that aggregate immigrant flows, used widely in the literature, can provide biased estimates of welfare magnet effect. Originality/value This paper adds to the available literature by using representative, recently collected data and employing a more complete list of controls in a quantitative analysis of migration decisions.