A note on ensemble holography for rational tori

We study simple examples of ensemble-averaged holography in free compact boson CFTs with rational values of the radius squared. These well-known rational CFTs have an extended chiral algebra generated by three currents. We consider the modular average of the vacuum character in these theories, which results in a weighted average over all modular invariants. In the simplest case, when the chiral algebra is primitive (in a sense we explain), the weights in this ensemble average are all equal. In the non-primitive case the ensemble weights are governed by a semigroup structure on the space of modular invariants.These observations can be viewed as evidence for a holographic duality between the ensemble of CFTs and an exotic gravity theory based on a compact U(1) × U(1) Chern-Simons action. In the bulk description, the extended chiral algebra arises from soliton sectors, and including these in the path integral on thermal AdS3 leads to the vacuum character of the chiral algebra. We also comment on wormhole-like contributions to the multi-boundary path integral.

RECOVERING THE BOUNDARY PATH SPACE OF A TOPOLOGICAL GRAPH USING POINTLESS TOPOLOGY

First, we generalize the definition of a locally compact topology given by Paterson and Welch for a sequence of locally compact spaces to the case where the underlying spaces are $T_{1}$ and sober. We then consider a certain semilattice of basic open sets for this topology on the space of all paths on a graph and impose relations motivated by the definitions of graph C*-algebra in order to recover the boundary path space of a graph. This is done using techniques of pointless topology. Finally, we generalize the results to the case of topological graphs.

Orbit equivalence of graphs and isomorphism of graph groupoids

We show that the groupoids of two directed graphs are isomorphic if and only if the two graphs are orbit equivalent by an orbit equivalence that preserves isolated eventually periodic points. We also give a complete description of the (topological) isolated points of the boundary path space of a graph. As a result, we are able to show that the groupoids of two directed graphs with finitely many vertices and no sinks are isomorphic if and only if the two graphs are orbit equivalent, and that the groupoids of the stabilisations of two such graphs are isomorphic if and only if the stabilisations of the graphs are orbit equivalent.

A dynamical characterization of diagonal-preserving -isomorphisms of graph -algebras

We characterize when there exists a diagonal-preserving $\ast$-isomorphism between two graph $C^{\ast }$-algebras in terms of the dynamics of the boundary path spaces. In particular, we refine the notion of ‘orbit equivalence’ between the boundary path spaces of the directed graphs $E$ and $F$ and show that this is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a diagonal-preserving $\ast$-isomorphism between the graph $C^{\ast }$-algebras $C^{\ast }(E)$ and $C^{\ast }(F)$.

Conductivity Measurement of Calcia Stabilized Zirconia Prepared by Mechanical Route

Calcia-stabilized zirconia (CSZ) sensor elements of 8 and 16 mol% was synthesized by mixing appropriate amounts of Calcia and Zirconia using in agate mortar and pestle followed by sintering at 1500°C for 3 hours. The electrical conductivity of the stabilized zirconia was measured at different temperature using the two probe impedance analyzer in the temperature range 150°C to 500°C. It was found that the calcia influences the grain boundary thickness. The conductivity is discussed in terms of the ionic vacancies in the bulk due to calcium ion substitution and the available grain boundary path.

Towards a higher-dimensional MacLane class

Let D be a bounded region in ℝm, m ≥ 2. We say that a function u defined in D has asymptotic value α if there is a boundary path Γ:x(t), 0≤t<1, in D (that is, dist (x(t), ∂D)→0 as t→1), such that u(x(t))→α as t→1. If in addition, x(t)→ξ as t→1, then u has asymptotic value α at ξ.

On the Asymptotic Behavior of Functions Harmonic in a Disc

Let D be the open unit disc, and let C be the unit circle in the complex plane. Let f be a (real-valued) function that is harmonic in D. A simple continuous curve β: z(t) (0≦t<1) contained in D such that |z(t)|→1 as t→1 is a boundary path with end (the bar denotes closure).