The Confidence Interval of the Estimator of the Periodic Intensity Function in the Presence of Power Function Trend on the Nonhomogeneous Poisson Process

The nonhomogeneous Poisson process is one of the most widely applied stochastic processes. In this article, we provide a confidence interval of the intensity estimator in the presence of a periodic multiplied by trend power function. This estimator's confidence interval is an application of the formulation of the estimator asymptotic distribution that has been given in previous studies. In addition, constructive proof of the convergent in probability has been provided for all power functions.

Evolution from Periodic Intensity Modulations to Dissipative Vector Solitons in A Single-Mode Fiber Laser

We investigated—both experimentally and numerically—the operation of a weakly birefringent cavity fiber laser under different net cavity dispersion values. Experimentally, we found that under coherent cross-polarization coupling, either in-phase or anti-phase low frequency intensity modulations between the two orthogonal polarization components of the laser emission could be obtained. The evolution of the periodic intensity modulations in the fiber laser under different operation conditions was studied. In this paper, we show that under suitable conditions, they can be shaped into a train of bright-bright, dark-dark, or dark-bright vector solitons.

Formation of Periodic Nanoridge Patterns by Ultrashort Single Pulse UV Laser Irradiation of Gold

A direct comparison of simulation and experimental results of UV laser-induced surface nanostructuring of gold is presented. Theoretical simulations and experiments are performed on an identical spatial scale. The experimental results have been obtained by using a laser wavelength of 248 nm and a pulse length of 1.6 ps. A mask projection setup is applied to generate a spatially periodic intensity profile on a gold surface with a sinusoidal shape and periods of 270 nm, 350 nm, and 500 nm. The formation of structures at the surface upon single pulse irradiation is analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). For the simulations, a hybrid atomistic-continuum model capable of capturing the essential mechanisms responsible for the nanostructuring process is used to model the interaction of the laser pulse with the gold target and the subsequent time evolution of the system. The formation of narrow ridges composed of two colliding side walls is found in the simulation as well as in the experiment and the structures generated as a result of the material processing are categorized depending on the range of applied fluencies and periodicities.

Case study of multi-temperature coronal jets for emerging flux MHD models

Context. Hot coronal jets are a basic observed feature of the solar atmosphere whose physical origin is still actively debated. Aims. We study six recurrent jets that occurred in active region NOAA 12644 on April 4, 2017. They are observed in all the hot filters of AIA as well as cool surges in IRIS slit–jaw high spatial and temporal resolution images. Methods. The AIA filters allow us to study the temperature and the emission measure of the jets using the filter ratio method. We studied the pre-jet phases by analysing the intensity oscillations at the base of the jets with the wavelet technique. Results. A fine co-alignment of the AIA and IRIS data shows that the jets are initiated at the top of a canopy-like double-chambered structure with cool emission on one and hot emission on the other side. The hot jets are collimated in the hot temperature filters, have high velocities (around 250 km s−1) and are accompanied by cool surges and ejected kernels that both move at about 45 km s−1. In the pre-phase of the jets, we find quasi-periodic intensity oscillations at their base that are in phase with small ejections; they have a period of between 2 and 6 min, and are reminiscent of acoustic or magnetohydrodynamic waves. Conclusions. This series of jets and surges provides a good case study for testing the 2D and 3D magnetohydrodynamic emerging flux models. The double-chambered structure that is found in the observations corresponds to the regions with cold and hot loops that are in the models below the current sheet that contains the reconnection site. The cool surge with kernels is comparable with the cool ejection and plasmoids that naturally appears in the models.