scholarly journals Néhány kiegészítés a Jászság flórájához

Kitaibelia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Molnár
Keyword(s):  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽  
Elymus Caninus

Magyarország Flóratérképezési Programja során 2012-ben 9 kvadrát felmérését vé­geztem el a Jászságban. Az adatgyűjtést 2020-ban kiegészítettem. Cikkemben az érdekesebb, regionáli­san fontos florisztikai adatokat közlöm 68 edényes növényfajra vonatkozóan. Közöttük vannak idegen­honos taxonok (pl. Alopecurus myosuroides, Amaranthus deflexus, Juncus tenuis, Phytolacca esculenta) országosan (Silene bupleuroides), vagy regionálisan ritka fajok (pl. Coronopus squamatus, Linaria biebersteinii), a térség egykori erdeinek túlélői (pl. Clematis recta, Elymus caninus, Melica altissima, Sisymbrium strictissimum) és ritka gyomok (pl. Aegilops cylindrica, Bupleurum affine, Myagrum perfolia­tum). Bemutatok egy szikes fajokban gazdag műút menti padkát is (Artemisia santonicum, Chenopodium chenopo­dioides, Hordeum hystrix, Plantago maritima).

scholarly journals Specific genetic markers for wheat, spelt, and four wild relatives: comparison of isozymes, RAPDs, and wheat microsatellites

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Guadagnuolo ◽  
Dessislava Savova Bianchi ◽  
François Felber
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
Elymus Caninus ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Mantel’S Test

Three types of markers—isozymes, RAPDs (random amplified polymorphic DNAs), and wheat microsatellites—were tested on wheat, spelt, and four wild wheat relatives (Aegilops cylindrica, Elymus caninus, Hordeum marinum, and Agropyron junceum). The aim was to evaluate their capability to provide specific markers for differentiation of the cultivated and wild species. The markers were set up for subsequent detection of hybrids and introgression of wheat DNA into wild relatives. All markers allowed differentiation of the cultivated from the wild species. Wheat microsatellites were not amplified in all the wild relatives, whereas RAPDs and isozymes exhibited polymorphism for all species. The dendrograms obtained with RAPD and isozyme data separated Swiss wheat cultivars from those collected in Austria and England, while no difference was found between Swiss spelt and wheat. RAPD data provided a weak discrimination between English and Austrian E. caninus. The microsatellite-based dendrogram discriminated populations of Ae. cylindrica, but no clear separation of H. marinum from E. caninus was revealed. The similarity matrices based on the three different sets of data were strongly correlated. The highest value was recorded between the matrices based on RAPDs and isozymes (Mantel's test, r = 0.93). Correlations between the similarity matrix based on microsatellites and matrices based on RAPDs and isozymes were lower: 0.74 and 0.68, respectively. While microsatellites are very useful for comparisons of closely related accessions, they are less suitable for studies involving less-related taxa. Isozymes provide interesting markers for species differentiation, but their use seems less appropriate for studies of within-species genetic variation. RAPDs can produce a large set of markers, which can be used for the evaluation of both between- and within-species genetic variation, more rapidly and easily than isozymes and microsatellites.Key words: Triticeae, isozymes, RAPDs, microsatellites, polymorphism.

scholarly journals Growth and Phenology of Vulpia Myuros in Comparison with Apera Spica-Venti, Alopecurus Myosuroides and Lolium Multiflorum in Monoculture and in Winter Wheat

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1495
Author(s):  
Muhammad Javaid Akhter ◽  
Bo Melander ◽  
Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen ◽  
Rodrigo Labouriau ◽  
Svend Vendelbo Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Neighborhood Design ◽  
Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Arable Weed

Vulpia myuros has become an increasing weed problem in winter cereals in Northern Europe. However, the information about V. myuros and its behavior as an arable weed is limited. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2017/18 and 2018/19, at the Department of Agroecology in Flakkebjerg, Denmark to investigate the emergence, phenological development and growth characteristics of V. myuros in monoculture and in mixture with winter wheat, in comparison to Apera spica-venti, Alopecurus myosuroides and Lolium multiflorum. V. myuros emerged earlier than A. myosuroides and A. spica-venti but later than L. multiflorum. Significant differences in phenological development were recorded among the species. Overall phenology of V. myuros was more similar to that of L. multiflorum than to A. myosuroides and A. spica-venti. V. myuros started seed shedding earlier than A. spica-venti and L. multiflorum but later than A. myosuroides. V. myuros was more sensitive to winter wheat competition in terms of biomass production and fecundity than the other species. Using a target-neighborhood design, responses of V. myuros and A. spica-venti to the increasing density of winter wheat were quantified. At early growth stages “BBCH 26–29”, V. myuros was suppressed less than A. spica-venti by winter wheat, while opposite responses were seen at later growth stages “BBCH 39–47” and “BBCH 81–90”. No significant differences in fecundity characteristics were observed between the two species in response to increasing winter wheat density. The information on the behavior of V. myuros gathered by the current study can support the development of effective integrated weed management strategies for V. myuros.

scholarly journals Molecular diversity analysis in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and two Aegilops species (Aegilops crassa and Aegilops cylindrica) using CBDP and SCoT markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazal Ghobadi ◽  
Alireza Etminan ◽  
Ali Mehras Mehrabi ◽  
Lia Shooshtari
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
Aegilops Crassa

Abstract Background Evaluation of genetic diversity and relationships among crop wild relatives is an important task in crop improvement. The main objective of the current study was to estimate molecular variability within the set of 91 samples from Triticum aestivum, Aegilops cylindrica, and Aegilops crassa species using 30 CAAT box–derived polymorphism (CBDP) and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. Results Fifteen SCoT and Fifteen CBDP primers produced 262 and 298 fragments which all of them were polymorphic, respectively. The number of polymorphic bands (NPB), polymorphic information content (PIC), resolving power (Rp), and marker index (MI) for SCoT primers ranged from 14 to 23, 0.31 to 0.39, 2.55 to 7.49, and 7.56 to 14.46 with an average of 17.47, 0.34, 10.44, and 5.69, respectively, whereas these values for CBDP primers were 15 to 26, 0.28 to 0.36, 3.82 to 6.94, and 4.74 to 7.96 with a mean of 19.87, 0.31, 5.35, and 6.24, respectively. Based on both marker systems, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the portion of genetic diversity within species was more than among them. In both analyses, the highest values of the number of observed (Na) and effective alleles (Ne), Nei’s gene diversity (He), and Shannon’s information index (I) were estimated for Ae. cylindrica species. Conclusion The results of cluster analysis and population structure showed that SCoT and CBDP markers grouped all samples based on their genomic constitutions. In conclusion, the used markers are very effective techniques for the evaluation of the genetic diversity in wild relatives of wheat.

The target-site based resistance mechanism of Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. to pyroxsulam

2021 ◽  
pp. 105707
Author(s):  
Zhaofeng Huang ◽  
Xingtao Lu ◽  
Shouhui Wei ◽  
Chaoxian Zhang ◽  
Cuilan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Alopecurus Myosuroides

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of Wheat-Agropyron cristatum Introgression Lines Induced by Gametocidal Genes and Wheat ph1b Mutant

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Alejandro Copete-Parada ◽  
Carmen Palomino ◽  
Adoración Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Homologous Gene ◽  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
Induction Frequency ◽  
Structural Aberrations ◽  
Translocation Lines ◽  
New Germplasm

The P genome of Agropyron cristatum Gaertn. contains many desirable genes that can be utilized as genetic resources to improve wheat. In this research, we used both the gametocidal chromosome 2Cc and the pairing homologous gene (Ph1b) mutant to induce structural aberrations and translocations between wheat and the 4P, 5P, and 6P genome chromosomes. By using the two approaches, a total of 19 wheat-A. cristatum translocations have been identified, in which 13 were induced by the Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (CS) ph1b mutant (CS ph1b) and six were induced by gametocidal chromosome 2Cc from Aegilops cylindrica Host. The wheat-4P, -5P and -6P A. cristatum translocations were characterized by in situ hybridization and by a set of conserved orthologous set (COS) molecular markers. The aberrations included centromeric translocations, terminal translocations, dicentric translocations, and deletions. The average induction frequency of chromosome structural aberrations was 10.9% using gametocidal 2Cc chromosome and 8.8% using ph1b mutant. The highest frequency obtained was for chromosome 4P using both approaches. All the wheat-A. cristatum translocation lines obtained were valuable for identifying A. cristatum chromosome 4P, 5P, and 6P related genes. In addition, these lines provided genetic resources and new germplasm accessions for the genetic improvement of wheat.

scholarly journals Effect of pathogen virulence on pathogenicity, host range and reproduction of Plasmodiophora brassicae, the causal agent of clubroot disease

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazanin Zamani-Noor ◽  
Sinja Brand ◽  
Hans-Peter Soechting
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Iberis Amara ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Resting Spores ◽  
Pathogen Dna

A series of greenhouse experiments was conducted to evaluate the effect of Plasmodiophora brassicae virulence on clubroot development and propagation of resting spores in 86 plant species from 19 botanical families. Plants were artificially inoculated with two isolates of P. brassicae, which were either virulent on clubroot-resistant oilseed rape cv. Mendel (P1 (+)) or avirulent on this cultivar (P1). Clubroot severity and the number of resting spores inside the roots were assessed 35 days post inoculation. Typical clubroot symptoms were observed only in the Brassicaceae family. P1 (+)-inoculated species exhibited more severe symptoms (2 to 10–fold more severe), bigger galls (1.1 to 5.8 fold heavier) and higher number of resting spores than the P1-inoculated plants. Among all Brassica species, Bunias orientalis, Coronopus squamatus and Raphanus sativus were fully resistant against both isolates, while Camelina sativa, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Coincya momensis, Descurainia sophia, Diplotaxis muralis, Erucastrum gallicum, Neslia paniculata, Sinapis alba, S. arvensis, Sisymbrium altissimum, S. loeselii and Thlaspi arvense were highly susceptible. Conringia orientalis, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Hirschfeldia incana, Iberis amara, Lepidium campestre and Neslia paniculata were completely or partially resistant to P1-isolate but highly susceptible to P1 (+). These results propose that the basis for resistance in these species may be similar to that found in some commercial cultivars, and that these species could contribute to the build-up of inoculum of virulent pathotypes. Furthermore, the pathogen DNA was detected in Alopecurus myosuroides, Phacelia tanacatifolia, Papaver rhoeas and Pisum sativum. It can concluded that the number and diversity of hosts for P. brassicae are greater than previously reported.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document