Teacher Attrition and Mobility Over Time

We use 35 years of data on public school teachers in Washington to calculate several different measures of teacher attrition and mobility. We explore how these rates vary over time and their relationship with the state unemployment rate. Annual rates of teacher attrition from the workforce have been between 5% and 8% for each of the past 35 years, and there is a strong negative relationship between unemployment rates and these rates of attrition. This history suggests that teacher attrition is likely to increase as the economy recovers after the pandemic, but this increase is likely to be modest.

Formation And Development Of The Labor Market In Uzbekistan

This article describes the formation and development of the labor market in Uzbekistan, its state. Unemployment caused by pandemic restrictions and measures taken to eliminate it and mitigate the situation were analyzed. It also covers the ongoing reforms to ensure the stability of the labor market. International experience has been studied, problems in providing employment have been identified and directions for overcoming them have been suggested.

Californian gig workers vote to have nationwide impact

Significance The ballot proposition follows a California appeals court ruling in mid-August mandating that Uber drivers are employees and thus Uber is liable to pay taxes and employment benefits accordingly. Through the vote, ride-hailing firms seek to exempt themselves from paying certain employee benefits. Impacts The tech industry more broadly would benefit from the passage of the ballot as it has a large freelance workforce. Other industries may seek exemptions from specific laws using this proposition as precedent. State unemployment and Workman’s Trust Funds will become more fiscally stressed if the ballot passes.

National Fiscal Policies to Fight Recessions in US States

Countercyclical fiscal policy generally focuses on national economic downturns. But US states experience significantly different patterns of unemployment, and demand shocks appear to drive much of that variation. State budget rules limit the ability of states to mount their own countercyclical policies. Federal taxes and spending programs have countercyclical effects within states, but the magnitude of those effects depends on policies that were designed based on other considerations (just as the extent of national automatic stabilizers is the result of policies based on other considerations). Enacting countercyclical fiscal policy calibrated to state unemployment rates would reduce the cost of recessions.