Genetic Variation in Released Gametes Produces Genetic Diversity in the Offspring of the Broadcast Spawning Coral Acropora Tenuis

All coral species in the genus Acropora are broadcast-spawning hermaphrodites. Fertilization in the ocean requires sufficient numbers of gametes from conspecifics and the contact time for fertilization is thought to be limited by the rapid diffusion of sperm. Many studies have reported a positive correlation between sperm concentration and fertilization success, but it is not clear how released gametes are fertilized in nature (in situ) and how genetic diversity arises at a fertilization event. To elucidate this, we analyzed the changes in sperm concentration in situ after spawning and genotyped sperm and fertilized eggs from seawater using seven microsatellite (MS) markers. This showed that the sperm concentration in situ was suboptimal (<106 sperm/mL), but most of the eggs were fertilized. MS genotyping showed that the alleles of released sperm were diverse and those alleles also appeared in the fertilized eggs. In addition, the MS fragment peak height in released sperm, which presumable reflects the allele frequency of the sperm, was positively correlated with the allele frequencies of the fertilized eggs. Collectively, the genetic diversity of colonies with high fecundity dictates the genetic diversity of their descendants.

Two Tetranuclear Butterfly-Shaped Co(II) Complexes: Structure, Mass Spectrometric, and Magnetism

The organic ligand (1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol (HL) was used to react with CoX2·6H2O (X = Cl and Br) under solvothermal conditions to obtain the complex [Co4(L)6(X)2] (1, X = Cl; 2, X = Br). The butterfly-shaped structure of complex 1 and 2 suggest that Co(II) ions have two different coordinated modes, which are five coordination with O3NX environment and six coordination with O4N2 environment. In addition, the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis indicated that the ion molecular fragment of highest intensity was [Co4(L)6]2+, and there existed a high nuclear fragment peak of [Co7(L)12]2+. Interestingly, it was basically completely transformed into [Co7(L)12]2+ two days later, so those two complexes were relatively stable in CH3OH. Magnetic characterization exhibited that complex 1 and 2 display field-induced single-molecule magnetic behavior, of which the energy hills Ueff/kB were 28 and 20 K under direct-current field of 0.1 T, respectively.

Comparative Inspection of Terbufos in Blood from Head Skin by GC-MS

This paper selects a typical poisoning case of pesticide topical on head. Technicians extracted the victim's blood, vomit and swabs, and toxicant tests were under Condition-A and Condition-B. Terbufos ingredients were detected from the blood and swabs, but not found in vomit. Compared Condition-B to Condition-A: it has increased the column efficiency and improved the separation of Terbufos, thereby improving the detection sensitivity of Terbufos. The Condition-B method selects more than one mass fragment peak for scanning, which is of high sensitivity and less impurities interference. While using Terbufos standards for retention time comparison, the results are accurate and reliable.

Sintesis Satu Langkah Senyawa Oksotrinuklir dengan Terminal Ligan Piridin [Ru3O(OOCC6H5)6(C5H5N)3]ClO4

Abstrak Telah disintesis senyawa oksotrinuklir dengan terminal ligan piridin [Ru3O(OOCC6H5)6(C5H5N)3]ClO4. Senyawa oksotrinuklir hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer FT-IR dan spektrometer massa. Hasil identifikasi dengan spektrofotometer FT-IR menunjukkan senyawa oksotrinuklir hasil sintesis memiliki vibrasi khas pada bilangan gelombang 698 cm-1. Pengukuran menggunakan spektrometer massa menkonfirmasi bahwa senyawa oksotrinuklir memiliki ligan terminal piridin yang mudah terfragmentasi yang ditandai dengan puncak ion molekul pada m/z 1283,14 dan puncak ion fragmen pada m/z 1205,09 yang mengindikasikan lepasnya satu molekul piridin sebagai terminal ligan. Kata kunci : senyawa oksotrinuklir, sintesis satu langkah, ruthenium, piridin. Abstract Synthesis of oxotrinuclear with pyridine as terminal ligand [Ru3O(OOCC6H5)6 (C5H5N)3]ClO4 has been carried out. Oxotrinuclear compound from synthesis was characterized using FT-IR spectrophotometer and mass spectrometer. The FTIR spectrum shows that oxotrinuclear compound has vibration at wavelength 698 cm-1 and mass spectrometer spectrum shows oxotrinuclear compound has pyridine as terminal ligand which easily fragmented indicated by molecular ion peak at m/z 1283.14 and ion fragment peak at m/z 1205.09. These values revealed one molecule of pyridine lost from terminal ligand. Keywords : oxotrinuclear compound, one step synthesis, ruthenium, pyridine.

Ê-μ-V Correlation In One-Colour Photolysis/Ionization Of Tert-Butyl Nitrite

An anisotropic spatial velocity distribution was observed for NO+ produced following one-color photolysis/ionization of tert-butyl nitrite (TBN) by a pulsed polarized laser at 266, 355 and 532 nm in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The dependence of the NO+ fragment mass peak profile on the wavelength and on the polarization was monitored. The most striking feature is the varying fragment peak splitting obtained under the same experimental conditions by changing the laser polarization direction. This phenomenon is a result of the vector correlation between the laser polarization,Ê, at a given wavelength, the electronic transition dipole moment of TBN,μ, and the direction of the NO fragment velocity, v. The dynamics of the photodissociation process and, in particular, its directional properties are discussed in view of these results.