A morphometric study on the articulating facets of talus in North Indian population

Background: Morphometry of talus will be helpful for radiologists, orthopaedicians and surgeons for diagnosis and treatment of talar fractures and making bone prosthesis. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of our study is to do a morphometric analysis of talus to facilitate orthopedicians in planning surgeries for subtalar implants and foot prostheses. This will be of great use to forensic anthropologists. Materials and Methods: For the study, 60 dry adult human tali (24 left and 26 right) were obtained from the Department of Anatomy, SGT Medical College, Budhera. The morphometry of talar surfaces was done using a digital caliper accurate to 0.01 mm and data was recorded. Results: The mean values of medial, central and lateral length on the trochlear surface were 27.0cm, 28.1cm, 27.4cm on right side and 29.4cm, 27.0cm, 29.1cm on left side. Mean anterior, central and posterior widths on the trochlear surface were 27.6cm, 26.2cm, 21.1cm on right side and 27.0cm, 24.0cm, 23.1cm on left side. The mean central height and width on the lateral articular surface was 26.2 cm and 21.9 cm on the right side respectively and 23.0 cm and 16.8 cm on the left side respectively. The mean central height and central width on the medial articular surface was 13.6 cm and 25.9 cm on the right side respectively and 10.8cm and 17.9 cm on the left side respectively. Conclusions: The current study would be helpful as an important tool for reconstruction surgeries of hindfoot deformities and foot reconstruction procedures. Also it would be useful to orthopaedicians to design accurate talus bone prosthesis and talar implants. Morphometry of talus will be of use in objective categorization and racedetermination for forensic purposes.

3D Foot Reconstruction Based on Mobile Phone Photographing

Foot measurement is necessary for personalized customization. Nowadays, people usually obtain their foot size by using a ruler or foot scanner. However, there are some disadvantages to this, namely, large measurement error and variance when using rulers, and high price and poor convenience when using a foot scanner. To tackle these problems, we obtain foot parameters by 3D foot reconstruction based on mobile phone photography. Firstly, foot images are taken by a mobile phone. Secondly, the SFM (Structure-from-Motion) algorithm is used to acquire the corresponding parameters and then to calculate the camera position to construct the sparse model. Thirdly, the PMVS (Patch-based Multi View System) is adopted to build a dense model. Finally, the Meshlab is used to process and measure the foot model. The result shows that the experimental error of the 3D foot reconstruction method is around 1 mm, which is tolerable for applications such as shoe tree customization. The experiment proves that the method can construct the 3D foot model efficiently and easily. This technology has broad application prospects in the fields of shoe size recommendation, high-end customized shoes and medical correction.

Dosing Activity and Returning to Pre-Ulcer Function in Diabetic Foot Remission: Patient Recommendations and Guidance from the Limb Preservation Consortium at USC and The National Rehabilitation Center at Rancho Los Amigos

Diabetes-related foot ulcers are a leading cause of global morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. People with a history of foot ulcers have a diminished quality of life attributed to limited walking and mobility, decreased moderate intensity exercise when compared to people with diabetes without ulcers. One of the largest concerns is ulceration recurrence. Approximately 40% of patients with ulcerations will have a recurrent ulcer in the year following healing and the majority occurs in the first three months following wound healing. Hence this period after ulceration is called "remission" due to this risk for re-ulceration. Promoting and fostering mobility is an integral part of everyday life and is important for maintaining good physical health and health related quality of life for all people living with diabetes. In this short perspective, we provide recommendations on how to safely increase walking activity and facilitate appropriate offloading and monitoring in people with a recently healed foot ulcer, foot reconstruction or partial foot amputation. Interventions include monitored activity training, dosed out in steadily increasing increments and coupled with daily skin temperature monitoring which can identify dangerous "hot spots" prone to recurrence. By understanding areas at risk, it empowers patients to maximize ulcer-free days and to enable an improved quality of life. There is a current absence of high-quality evidence and standardized clinical algorithms for the post-ulcerative period. This perspective outlines this institution's unified strategy to treat patients in the remission period after ulceration. This approach utilizes the available evidence, identifies patient preferences, and relies on good clinical judgement for the best long-term outcomes for this patient population. Hence this position statement aims to provide clinicians with appropriate patient recommendations based on best available evidence and expert opinion to educate their patient to ensure a safe transition to footwear and return to activity.