Caso práctico de valuación de una MIPYME del sector de manejo de residuos y desechos en México a través del método de las dos betas (A practical case of valuation applied to a SME of the sector of management of residues and wastes in Mexico through the method of the two betas)

The sector in Mexico denominated as private non-financial services represents a field of great relevance for the national economic and social growth due to the important amount of jobs that it contributes. Specifically, the business support and waste management and remediation services subsector has presented in recent years a remarkable increase in the number of personnel employed. Subsequently, the branch corresponding to waste management and remediation services means an important area not only of economic and social concern but also for the environment. The traditional valuation methods used on real estate applies several innovative techniques that are just beginning to be used for the valuation of companies and its corresponding decision making. The method of valuation of the two Betas comes from the market approach and allows to obtain a precise result of the value of an asset or company from easily obtained data belonging to a sample of comparable elements. The results obtained allowed to apply this method to a case study and obtain its market value.Key words: beta distribution function, private non-financial services, two betas method, valuation of companies, waste management and remediation servicesJEL: C10, G10, Q50 Resumen. El sector en México denominado como servicios privados no financieros representa un campo de gran relevancia para el crecimiento tanto económico como social del país a causa de la importante cantidad de empleos que aporta. Específicamente, el subsector apoyo a los negocios y manejo de desechos y servicios de remediación ha presentado en los últimos años un incremento destacable en cuanto a la cifra de personal ocupado. Subsecuentemente, la rama correspondiente a manejo de desechos y servicios de remediación significa un área importante no solo por el aspecto económico y social sino también ambiental. La valuación tradicional de inmuebles utiliza diversos métodos innovadores que recién están comenzando a ser utilizados para la valuación de empresas y su correspondiente toma de decisiones. El método de valuación de las dos Betas proviene del enfoque de mercado y permite obtener un dato preciso del valor de un activo o empresa a partir de datos fáciles de obtener pertenecientes a una muestra de elementos comparables. Los resultados alcanzados permitieron aplicar dicho método a un caso de estudio y obtener su valor de mercado.Palabras clave: función de distribución beta, manejo de desechos y servicios de remediación, método de las dos betas servicios privados no financieros, valuación de empresas

Balancing Between Exploration and Exploitation in ACO

In order to balance the preference of the artificial entities towards exploration or exploitation (in their transition rule), a novel technique is proposed for replacing the random function used by the classical Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithms for solving the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The proposed Beta Distribution function (B), or random:betavariate(a; b) has the proven capability (depicted through test-runs) of influencing the algorithm’s solution quality and convergence speed. Consequently, this paper will introduce in the related work section the classical ACO algorithm, with a focus on the transition rule used for choosing the next node in the problem’s associated graph, followed by the related work on this topic, and it will continue with the introduction of the B function which will be presented both from a theoretical and practical perspective in relation with the scope: balancing between exploration and exploitation in order to improve the performance of the ACO algorithm for the TSP. The paper concludes that the B-EAS has the ability to find better solution than EAS for a set of benchmarks from the TSPLib library.

Some Perspectives on the Treatment of Three-Dimensional Flows on Axial Compressor Blading

The unsteady and three-dimensional nature of the flow past axial compressor blading poses substantial challenges to the design of the main flow passage. High aspect ratio blading is amenable to the approach of splitting the design task between the cascade and the meridional planes. However, the three-dimensional flows increasingly affect the stage aerodynamic performance with decreasing blade aspect ratios. At very high load conditions, corner vortices can grow to two-thirds of the blade span, under the influence of the pitchwise pressure gradient, causing significant blockage and loss. A survey of treatments for three-dimensional flows highlights a variety of approaches, including longitudinal and tangential slots for suction and blowing, fences, turning vanes, fillets, and grooves. The merits and issues exposed by past implementations of these end-wall treatments are summarized. Considered together, these arrangements display a variable and open approach, which points towards an opportunity for considering a more common framework, led by a greater understanding of the flow physics. Preliminary work on the parametrization of end-wall grooves has highlighted some promising topological features of end walls generated by using the Beta distribution function as the guide curve. This seemingly unexplored application of the Beta function to axial compressor end wall design promises a better fit with the pitchwise periodic axial compressor geometry than other guide curve functions considered herein and used in the past.

Method development estimating ambient oxidized mercury concentration from monitored mercury wet deposition

To quantify mercury dry deposition, the Atmospheric Mercury Network (AMNet) of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) was established recently to monitor the speciated atmospheric mercury (i.e. gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and particulate-bound mercury (PBM)). However, the spatial coverage of AMNet is far less than the long-established Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) for wet deposition monitoring. The present study describes the first attempt linking ambient concentration of the oxidized mercury (GOM + PBM) with wet deposition aiming to estimate GOM + PBM roughly at locations and/or times where such measurement is not available but where wet deposition is monitored. The beta distribution function is used to describe the distribution of GOM + PBM and is used to predict GOM + PBM from monitored wet deposition. The mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and skewness of the fitted beta distribution parameters were generated using data collected in 2009 at multiple monitoring superstations. The established beta distribution function from the 2009 GOM + PBM data is used to construct a model that predicts GOM + PBM from wet deposition data. The model is validated using 2010 data at multiple stations, and the predicted monthly GOM + PBM concentrations agree reasonably well with measurements. The model has many potential applications after further improvements and validation using different data sets.

The Approach on Making Empirical Earthquake Damage Matrix Complete Using Beta Distribution

In recent years, many earthquakes occurred in our country. Some is big, but most are small or middle earthquakes. Usually earthquake damage ratio of buildings in low intensity area can be attained from on site survey. But it is important that how to evaluate the seismic performance of existing building stock subjected to high intensity in earthquake-affected area. In this paper, the expectation and variance value of damage probability in known intensity is calculated by making the probability disperse. Supposing that the damage probability in each intensity obeys to Beta distribution. The expectation and variance value of damage probability in other intensity is given by comparing to that of criterion earthquake damage matrix. So the parameter of Beta-distribution function is calculated from the expectation and variance in other intensity. Then the probability of each damage grade in other intensity is gained. This approach makes the damage matrix which is suitable for this region complete and provides the reference for earthquake damage prediction and earthquake economic loss evaluation. The result showed that this approach is feasible.