Depression Rises the Risk of Hypertension Incidence: Discussing the Link through the Ca2+/cAMP Signalling

Background: Depression and hypertension are medical problems both with clearly restricted pharmacotherapies, along with a high prevalence around the world. In fact, an intensive discussion in the field is that a dysregulation of the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis (e.g. excess of intracellular Ca2+) contributes to the pathogenesis of both hypertension and depression. Furthermore, depression rises the risk of hypertension incidence. Indeed, several data support the concept that depression is an independent risk issue for hypertension. Conclusion: Then, which are the possible cellular mechanisms involved in this link between depression and hypertension? Considering our previous reports about the Ca2+ and cAMP signalling pathways (Ca2+/cAMP signalling), in this review I have discussed the virtual involvement of the Ca2+/cAMP signalling in this link (between depression and hypertension). Then, it is important to consider depression into account during the process of prevention, and treatment, of hypertension.

TEST EVENTS AS RISK MANAGEMENT TOOLS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT’S AGENDA 2020

With the advent of the Olympic Movement’s Agenda 2020, the purpose of this paper was to explore the role of test events (TEs) as risk management tools by: 1) evaluating how TEs support the preparation and staging the Olympic (Winter) Games; and 2) assessing the feasibility of reducing their cost and scale without increasing the risks associated with hosting the Games. Based on documents and interviews, results revealed TEs reduce risk, as they permit relevant stakeholders to get hands-on experience. Besides reducing risk, TEs enhance collective knowledge and foster teambuilding as well as readiness and operationalization. Three additional TE-specific risk issue categories emerged: (1) over-proportioning (e.g., over scoping); (2) readiness (e.g., ability to successfully deliver on time); and (3) knowledge. This study demonstrates it is possible to have a lower cost and scale TE program without increasing risk, but this depends on (1) the organizers’ sport event hosting experience; and (2) a solid, contextualized TE strategy. To reduce risk within TEs themselves, findings indicate organizers use a knowledge feedback look, financing, and partnerships. Finally, we provide TE-related recommendations to assist Olympic stakeholders in anticipating, measuring, and mitigating risks associated with preparing and hosting Olympic (Winter) Games.

Methods and Models for Employment of the Expert Analytical Knowledge in Organization Decision Making. Part II. The Ontological relations and the decisions field coherency analysis

Some types of relations between the elements of the organization decisions system are formalized using the ontological model proposed in the previous part of the article. This model reflects both the normative knowledge and expert views. There are such the classes of relations as genetic, coordination (connection or resemblance) and opposing ones. The special class of clastering relations is determined. Eight types of such relations select the subsets of the decision field that represent risk issue for the actual decision or the eventual remedies for this risk. The main indexes of the decision field coherency are formalized and metrizied. The potentialities of the proposed formalizm using for the analytical support of the organization decision are considered.