Ornamentasi Vokal pada Tarsul Kutai Kartanegara

One form of singing or chanting spread through cultural needs is a traditional song originating from Kutai Kartanegara called tarsul. This study aimed to obtain data about what vocal ornaments are contained in the Kutai tarsul. The theory used in this research is the theory of music presentation forms, ornamentation, and western music vocal techniques. A qualitative descriptive study was chosen by prioritizing the musicology approach. The data was collected by (1) literature study, (2) observation, (3) interviews, (4) documentation. The stages in analyzing data are (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, (3) historiography writing, and (4) conclusions. Data clarification was again carried out using data triangulation techniques. The results showed two kinds of tarsul rhythms commonly used by petarsul, namely tarsul with one rhythm (low) and tarsul with a rhythm of two (high). In Kutai Kartanegara's tarsul, there are several ornaments. Many melismatic ornaments are found at the end of the melody of each part of the tarsul sentence. There are three forms of melismatic ornamentation named for easy classification: melismatic ornament A, melismatic ornament B, and melismatic ornament C. Apart from melismatic ornamentation, there is symbolic ornamentation on tarsul, namely trill ornamentation. Next is the morden ornamentation. More specifically, lower mordent ornamentation was found. Lastly is the use of grupetto ornamentation. From the transcription and tarsul analysis of rhythm patterns 1 and 2, it was found groupetto reverse turn ornamentation.

Protein stabilization by tuning the steric restraint at the reverse turn

The incorporation of pseudoallylic strain by N-methylation at the solvent exposed loop in proteins leads to a stark increase in their thermodynamic stability that can be tuned by altering the amino acid composition.

Structure of Looped Regions in β-α- and α-β-Arches in Abcd-Units of Globular Proteins

Conformations of about 600 looped regions (loops) in β-α- and α-β-arches of a structural motif occurring in the abCd-unit of proteins were analyzed. On the whole, 258 abCd-units with a reverse turn of the polypeptide chain (236 PDB files) and 69 abCd-units with a direct turn (65 PDB files) were selected in non-homologous proteins. Four types of arches were studied: β-α- and α-β-ones at a direct turn of the chain; β-α- and α-β-ones at a reverse turn of the chain. For each type of arches, frequencies of loops occurrence of different lengths were determined and corresponding histograms were plotted. It was found that abCd-units with loops up to three amino acid residues long occur most frequently (57 %). In β-α-arches with a direct turn of the chain, loops consisting of two amino acid residues occur most often (44 %) and in 86% cases they have the βmαβαn - conformation. They have no Gly and Pro residues, and in position β there is an Asn residue. In such type of arches, the loops of one residue (βmεαn- or βmαLαn- conformation) contain the Gly residue most frequently. α-β-Arches with a direct turn of the chain have most commonly (18 %) loops of four amino acid residues. In this case, there is no predominant conformation of the loops. In β-α-arches with a reverse turn of the chain, most common are loops of seven amino acid residues (17%), and most part of them (88 %) have the βmαLββααββαn - conformation. α-β-Arches with a reverse turn of the chain contain most frequently (32%) loops of one amino acid residue (all Gly ones) with arch conformations αmεβn or αmαLβn. The above structural analysis of the abCd-unit has useful information for prediction of the three-dimensional structure of proteins and for molecular simulation of the de novo design of protein structures.

Synthesis and conformational studies of a stable peptidomimetic β-hairpin based on a bifunctional diketopiperazine turn inducer

A new β-hairpin mimic foldamer based on the assembly of a reverse turn inducer, a peptidomimetic strand, and a tetrapeptide sequence was prepared, and its conformation in solution was assessed by NMR and computational investigations.