Reform of Residential Plot Rights and the Current Omission and Future Development of the “Separation of Three Rights” in the Civil Code

The Civil Code has not yet articulated fully what the “separation of the three property rights” with respect to residential plot rights should mean. This is due to the inadequate development of the theoretical basis of the reform of residential property rights in the Civil Code. Future stipulation on residential plot rights in the Civil Code should aim to define both the eligibility requirements and rights, and the use rights for residential plots. Both of those are derivative of collective ownership rights. For use rights, the new definitions should apply: use rights with respect to residential plots should become transferrable and complete. The new eligibility rights should be clarified as a membership right, a major component of the rights of being a member of the collective. It should include the right of usage and the right to benefits therefrom, while excluding the rights to request distribution of or transfer of the land.

Providing Predictable Quality of Service in a Cloud-Based Web System

Cloud-computing web systems and services revolutionized the web. Nowadays, they are the most important part of the Internet. Cloud-computing systems provide the opportunity for businesses to undergo digital transformation in order to improve efficiency and reduce costs. The sudden shutdown of schools and offices during the pandemic of Covid 19 significantly increased the demand for cloud solutions. Load balancing and sharing mechanisms are implemented in order to reduce the costs and increase the quality of web service. The usage of those methods with adaptive intelligent algorithms can deliver the highest and a predictable quality of service. In this article, a new HTTP request-distribution method in a two-layer architecture of a cluster-based web system is presented. This method allows for the provision of efficient processing and predictable quality by servicing requests in adopted time constraints. The proposed decision algorithms utilize fuzzy-neural models allowing service times to be estimated. This article provides a description of this new solution. It also contains the results of experiments in which the proposed method is compared with other intelligent approaches such as Fuzzy-Neural Request Distribution, and distribution methods often used in production systems.

An Architecture of a Two-Layer Cloud-Based Web System Using a Fuzzy-Neural Request Distribution

Nowadays, a significant part of human activity is supported by information systems, especially Web systems, hosted in the Web clouds. The architectures of Web cloud systems are in most cases complex. In this paper, we try to determine which cloud configuration in double-layer architecture is the best when using the fuzzy-neural intelligent method of request distribution. We present the distribution strategy, a testbed and the results of the conducted experiments. At the end of this paper, we discuss results and present final conclusions.