Ontology of Heterogeneous Image File Formats and their Disparate Applications

Different image formats are available in the world today which are used for various purposes, this paper elaborates the Ontology of different Image File Formats and their various applications. Digital images are saved in various Image File Formats which have different properties and features which are ideal for a particular use. A digital image is primarily classified into two types, raster or vector type. Image format elucidate how the information in the image will be stored. Image file format is a systematic way of storing and arranging digital images. Image file format can store data in compressed format (which may be lossy or lossless), uncompressed format or a vector format. Some Image format are suitable for a particular purpose while some are not. TIFF Image type is good for printing whereas PNG or JPG, are best for web. Analysis of the basic Image File Format have been carried out practically and the result is displayed in the coming section

An Ambigramic Image File Format

We propose an image file format that can be read in two ways, where two images are recorded in a single file as a bit sequence, and the forward reading the bit sequence makes one of the two images visible, or the backward reading makes another image visible. Such a way of looking at a binary data in two ways resembles that of an ambigram, which is a piece of calligraphy that can be read in two ways by rotating it or introducing other perspectives. The proposed ambigramic image file format is compared with the graphics interchange format (GIF) experimentally, and the results show the better quality of the ambigramic images than that of GIF images.

DICOM Format and Protocol Standardization—A Core Requirement for Digital Pathology Success

As the use of digital techniques in toxicologic pathology expands, challenges of scalability and interoperability come to the fore. Proprietary formats and closed single-vendor platforms prevail but depend on the availability and maintenance of multiformat conversion libraries. Expedient for small deployments, this is not sustainable at an industrial scale. Primarily known as a standard for radiology, the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard has been evolving to support other specialties since its inception, to become the single ubiquitous standard throughout medical imaging. The adoption of DICOM for whole slide imaging (WSI) has been sluggish. Prospects for widespread commercially viable clinical use of digital pathology change the incentives. Connectathons using DICOM have demonstrated its feasibility for WSI and virtual microscopy. Adoption of DICOM for digital and computational pathology will allow the reuse of enterprise-wide infrastructure for storage, security, and business continuity. The DICOM embedded metadata allows detached files to remain useful. Bright-field and multichannel fluorescence, Z-stacks, cytology, and sparse and fully tiled encoding are supported. External terminologies and standard compression schemes are supported. Color consistency is defined using International Color Consortium profiles. The DICOM files can be dual personality Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) for legacy support. Annotations for computational pathology results can be encoded.

Graphic map load comparison of two Czech school atlases using edge detection

Map complexity has been studied by cartographers for decades. Unfortunately, it is not being systematically measured as an essential map property and used to optimize cartographic products during the map-making process. Therefore, the appropriate load of map content in a map usually remains dependent only on the subjective assessment of the cartographer designing the map.The paper aims to describe and examine newly developed easy-to-use metric for graphic map load evaluation. A plugin for an open-source software Gimp was developed to provide an accessible tool to measure graphic map load of various geospatial visualizations in an image file format. This tool was then used to compare two Czech school atlases produced by Kartografie PRAHA, a.s. publisher in terms of their graphic map load. The examined atlases include: the latest World School Atlas (in Czech Školní atlas světa) and the new equivalent called Pupil’s Atlas (originally Školní atlas světa) intended to fit especially to younger pupils. Both the atlases are captured in Figure 1.The equivalent maps (the same or very similar map extents, scales, captured regions and map types) in both atlases were compared to investigate differences in graphic map load. For this, a developed metric implemented in the form of an extension to well-known image processing software Gimp was used. The extension advances an edge detection filter to identify both sharp and smooth edges in order to estimate the graphic map load of map samples. Also, a distribution of map load across the map layout is shown. Subsequently, measured values were compared and used to estimate the differences in the potential readability of those products.

ImageDetox: Method for the Neutralization of Malicious Code Hidden in Image Files

Malicious codes may cause virus infections or threats of ransomware through symmetric encryption. Moreover, various bypassing techniques such as steganography, which refers to the hiding of malicious code in image files, have been devised. Unknown or new malware hidden in an image file in the form of malicious code is difficult to detect using most representative reputation- or signature-based antivirus methods. In this paper, we propose the use of ImageDetox method to neutralize malicious code hidden in an image file even in the absence of any prior information regarding the signatures or characteristics of the code. This method is composed of four modules: image file extraction, image file format analysis, image file conversion, and the convergence of image file management modules. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, 30 image files with hidden malicious codes were used in an experiment. The malicious codes were selected from 48,220 recent malicious codes purchased from VirusTotal (a commercial application programming interface (API)). The experimental results showed that the detection rate of viruses was remarkably reduced. In addition, image files from which the hidden malicious code had previously been removed using a nonlinear transfer function maintained nearly the same quality as that of the original image; in particular, the difference could not be distinguished by the naked eye. The proposed method can also be utilized to prevent security threats resulting from the concealment of confidential information in image files with the aim of leaking such threats.

Imagens cíclicas: Gif através do Vaporwave

Pretende-se aqui dar atenção aos regimes que se instauram no campo da imagem com a transformação do espectador em interator, sendo ela um elemento pivotal para o uso de interfaces humano/computador. Como recorte da vasta paisagem virtual, abordo o aspecto imagético que é explorado pela estética Vaporwave, gênero artístico essencialmente digital surgindo em 2010. Mais especificamente, abordo funções do GIF, e como sua natureza cíclica e de baixa resolução representa um distinto fenômeno ocorrente na tela do computador, em comparação com a tela da televisão e do cinema.AbstractThe intention here is to make a cut on the virtual landscape through theimagetic aspects that are explored by the Vaporwave aesthetics, artistic genre essentially digital emerged around 2010. More specifically, it approaches the GIF,image file format, and the regimes of creation and visualization of those files on the web. As deployments of the digital visual culture, it investigates branches and different ways of the GIF manifestation for Vaporwave.

Using of JPEG image as a cover media for text hiding

This paper, will overview the use of data hiding techniques in JPEG digital image file format. In particular, will describe how one can use Steganography to hide information in a JPEG digital image. This research will review of hiding data by using Least Significant Bit (LSB) as a method, and hiding a text (document) in a JPEG image as a media cover. This paper was implemented by using matlab to complete hiding data. Data hiding is a technique that is used to embed secret information into a cover media. However, the transmitted images may be compressed or not. When it is transmitted, an errors transmitting may occur. If such errors occurred, the receiver cannot extract the information correctly from the cover_image. Digital media have been massively produced, easily manipulated, and swiftly transmitted to almost anywhere in the world at anytime.