Ontology of Heterogeneous Image File Formats and their Disparate Applications

Different image formats are available in the world today which are used for various purposes, this paper elaborates the Ontology of different Image File Formats and their various applications. Digital images are saved in various Image File Formats which have different properties and features which are ideal for a particular use. A digital image is primarily classified into two types, raster or vector type. Image format elucidate how the information in the image will be stored. Image file format is a systematic way of storing and arranging digital images. Image file format can store data in compressed format (which may be lossy or lossless), uncompressed format or a vector format. Some Image format are suitable for a particular purpose while some are not. TIFF Image type is good for printing whereas PNG or JPG, are best for web. Analysis of the basic Image File Format have been carried out practically and the result is displayed in the coming section

Enhanced Data Security of Communication System Using Combined Encryption and Steganography

<h2>Data security has become a paramount necessity and more obligation in daily life. Most of our systems can be hacked, and it causes very high risks to our confidential files inside the systems. Therefore, for various security reasons, we use various methods to save as much as possible on this data, regardless of its different forms, texts, pictures, videos, etc. In this paper, we mainly rely on storing the basic image which should be protected in another image after changing its formal to composites using the DWT wavelet transform. The process of zeroing sites and storing their contents technique is used to carry the components of the main image. Then process them mathematically by using the exponential function. The result of this process is to obtain a fully encrypted image. The image required to be protected from detection and discrimination is hidden behind the encrypted image. The proposed system contains two algorithms. the first algorithm is used for encryption and hiding, but the second algorithm is designed for returning and decoding the main image to its original state with very efficiently.</h2>

Automated gaze direction scoring from videos collected online through conventional webcam.

As online research has become more prevalent, researchers have been investigating the possibility of replicating techniques that go beyond measuring only simple behaviour. One such method could leverage the webcam of the participants’ device to collect information about eye gaze direction. Several packages have been developed for collecting such data, but they all lead to high attrition and require extensive and potentially frustrating calibration procedures, which hinders all research, in particular data collection including children and participants with neuro-developmental difficulties.To overcome this issue, we developed GazeScorer, a package that uses basic image processing techniques and a simple one-point calibration to score horizontal gaze orientation. We based our work on experience gained from infant research, in which a researcher manually scores horizontal gaze orientation from individual video frames. Using videos collected in two browser-based remote studies, one including adults, and one including children. We achieved low participant attrition, single-frame point calibration, and demonstrated a good level of inter-rater reliability between GazeScorer and a manual scorer. Our package provides a potential resource for researchers working with populations who could not perform a long or involved calibration, in studies in which information about horizontal gaze orientation is sufficient.

Rapid Tephra Identification in Geological Archives With Computed Tomography: Experimental Results and Natural Applications

Volcanic ash (tephra) horizons represent powerful chronological and stratigraphic markers: rapid and widespread deposition allows for correlation of geological records in time and space. Recent analytical advances enable identification of invisible ash (cryptotephra) up to thousands of kilometers from its volcanic source. This momentum has greatly expanded the reach and potential of tephrochronology: some deposits can now be traced across continents and oceans. However, the laborious laboratory procedures required to identify tephra horizons in geological archives hold back the pace of progress. By allowing the rapid visualization of ash at micrometer (µm) scales, computed tomography (CT) holds great promise to overcome these restrictions. In this study, we further demonstrate the potential of this tool for the tephra community with experimental results and applications on conventionally analyzed archives. A custom-made scanner helps us strike a balance between the convenience of whole-core medical scanners and the µm-resolution of micro-CT systems. Using basic image processing tools that can be readily mastered by tephrochronologists, we identified invisible horizons down to ∼500 shards in synthetic cores. In addition, procedures for the removal of image artifacts can be used to visualize other paleoenvironmental indicators such as bioturbation burrows, ice rafted debris or mineral dust. When applied on segments of manually counted natural archives, our approach captures cryptic glass shard maxima down to ∼300 shards/cm3. We also highlight the value of CT to help optimize sampling strategies by identifying micrometer-scale ash horizons that were not detected in shard count profiles. In conclusion, this work helps broaden the applicability of CT as a promising frontier in tephrochronology that can advance the field by optimizing the efficiency and accuracy of isochron detection.

Performance-aware programming for intraoperative intensity-based image registration on graphics processing units

Purpose Intensity-based image registration has been proven essential in many applications accredited to its unparalleled ability to resolve image misalignments. However, long registration time for image realignment prohibits its use in intra-operative navigation systems. There has been much work on accelerating the registration process by improving the algorithm’s robustness, but the innate computation required by the registration algorithm has been unresolved. Methods Intensity-based registration methods involve operations with high arithmetic load and memory access demand, which supposes to be reduced by graphics processing units (GPUs). Although GPUs are widespread and affordable, there is a lack of open-source GPU implementations optimized for non-rigid image registration. This paper demonstrates performance-aware programming techniques, which involves systematic exploitation of GPU features, by implementing the diffeomorphic log-demons algorithm. Results By resolving the pinpointed computation bottlenecks on GPU, our implementation of diffeomorphic log-demons on Nvidia GTX Titan X GPU has achieved ~ 95 times speed-up compared to the CPU and registered a 1.3-M voxel image in 286 ms. Even for large 37-M voxel images, our implementation is able to register in 8.56 s, which attained ~ 258 times speed-up. Our solution involves effective employment of GPU computation units, memory, and data bandwidth to resolve computation bottlenecks. Conclusion The computation bottlenecks in diffeomorphic log-demons are pinpointed, analyzed, and resolved using various GPU performance-aware programming techniques. The proposed fast computation on basic image operations not only enhances the computation of diffeomorphic log-demons, but is also potentially extended to speed up many other intensity-based approaches. Our implementation is open-source on GitHub at https://bit.ly/2PYZxQz.

Data Flow Implementation of Erosion and Dilation

This chapter describes a data flow implementation of the image processing algorithms Erosion and Dilation. Erosion and Dilation are basic image processing algorithms which are used to reduce or increase the size of objects in images, respectively, and which are used in a wide number of image processing applications. The chapter first describes the control flow versions of the algorithms in detail. Subsequently, the translation of these algorithms to the Data Flow paradigm is examined, and the details of the data flow implementation as well as possible optimizations are discussed.

Rec.: Aleksandra Niewiara, "Imagologia – pamięć zbiorowa – umysł i kultura", Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice 2019, 320 ss.

Review: Aleksandra Niewiara, Imagologia – pamięć zbiorowa – umysł i kultura, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice 2019, 320 pp. This paper is a review of Aleksandra Niewiara’s monograph Imagologia – pamięć zbiorowa – umysł i kultura [Imagology – Collective Memory – Mind and Culture]. The volume investigates the nature of collective conceptions of nations in terms of ethnolinguistic imagology. It consists of a theoretical part (“Concepts of Nations in the Light of Cognitive Studies on Culture”), an analytical part (examining verbal and visual data) and a comparative part, which discusses ways of constructing ideas about nations as cultural conceptualisations: networks of concepts present in the minds of members of a community (and therefore also representatives of a culture). Concepts of nations have thus far been considered a static and fragmentary category. The reviewed monograph shows this category as an element of the network of culture, which reflects the basic image schemas and – like any part of culture – changes over time.Rec.: Aleksandra Niewiara, Imagologia – pamięć zbiorowa – umysł i kultura, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice 2019, 320 ss. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi recenzję monografii poświęconej polskim wyobrażeniom o narodach w ujęciu imagologii etnolingwistycznej. Praca składa się z trzech części: teoretycznej (Wyobrażenia o narodach w świetle kognitywnych badań kultury), analitycznej (danych werbalnych i wizualnych) oraz badawczej w formie dyskusji nad sposobem konstruowania wyobrażeń o narodach jako konceptualizacji kulturowych w postaci sieci pojęć obecnych w umysłach pojedynczych osób wybranej grupy społecznej – reprezentan­tów danej kultury. Kategoria wyobrażeń o narodach, uważana dotąd za specyficzną ze względu na statyczny i wycinkowy sposób konceptualizacji, przedstawiona została jako jeden z elementów sieci kultury, odwzorowujący podstawowe schematy wyobrażeniowe i podlegający – jak cała kultura – zmianom na osi czasu.