‘Islam is a Place Inside Myself’: Material and Immaterial Re-Positioning of Religion in the Living Experience of Unaccompanied Muslim Minors in Italy

European sociological studies on refugees who are hosted by national protection systems primarily focus on intervention practice and are particularly attentive to the regulatory and social conditions that produce refugees’ precariousness. Studies that consider refugee subjectivity through migratory experiences are rare. In the case of unaccompanied minors, a protection/control dynamic is widespread, as the vulnerability of young refugees is often used as a pretext for setting up institutions to contain their aspirations and their life plans. This article argues that analysis of the role of religion, i.e., the place of the religious in the experiences of unaccompanied minors, is a way to focus on the subjectivities of young refugees, thereby building an understanding of the essential issues surrounding the migration experience. The article is based on research conducted in Calabria, in southern Italy, involving unaccompanied Muslim minors hosted in reception centres. With the aim to understand the religiosity of individuals, this empirical investigation presents the migratory experience of each minor, taking into account trajectories, family ties, and ways of transitioning into adulthood. Considering how these three areas are interconnected by the young refugees’ ‘musulmanity’ (their sense of being Muslim) has made it possible to be attentive to their agency, to the meaning these minors give to their actions, and to their migratory experiences.

Multiple modes of regulation control dynamic transcription patterns during the mitosis-G1 transition

Following cell division, genomes must reactivate gene expression patterns that reflect the identity of the cell. Here, we use PRO-seq to examine the mechanisms that reestablish transcription patterns after mitosis. We uncover regulation of the transcription cycle at multiple steps including initiation, promoter-proximal pause positioning and escape, poly-A site cleavage and termination during the mitotic-G1 transition. During mitosis, RNA polymerase activity is retained at initiation sites, albeit shifted in position relative to non-mitotic cells. This activity is strongly linked to maintenance of local chromatin architecture during mitosis and is more predictive of rapid gene reactivation than histone modifications previously associated with bookmarking. These molecular bookmarks, combined with sequence-specific transcription factors, direct expression of select cell growth and cell specific genes during mitosis followed by reactivation of functional gene groups with distinct kinetics after mitosis. This study details how dynamic regulation of transcription at multiple steps contributes to gene expression during the cell cycle.

APLIKASI LEVEL CONTROL PADA SEPARATOR (SLUG CATCHER D-2710) PADA GAS RECEIVING PT. PERTA ARUN GAS

Aplikasi kontrol PID pada tangki pemisah (separator) diteliti dengan berbagai variasi parameter seperti Kc, Ti dan Td. Kontrol level dijadikan sebagai respon dengan beberapa variasi gangguan. Sistem pengendalian level liquid pada separator dengan tuning parameter kontroler PID dengan kondisi operasi pada PT. Perta Arun Gas dengan tujuan mendapatkan bottom product yang sesuai spesifikasi dengan melakukan trial and error juga mendapatkan nilai Kc dan Ti terbaik. Control valve memiliki 2 action yaitu direct action dan reverse action. Pengontrol PID merupakan penggabungan dari pengontrol proportional integral derivative (PID) yang bertujuan untuk mempercepat reaksi sebuah sistem, menghilangkan offset. Tuning range Kc, Ti yang digunakan adalah Kc= 2-20 dan Ti 5-10 menit yang selanjutnya akan di run menggunakan response surface methodology dengan meninjau waktu PV (process variable) mendekati SP (setpoint) dan opening valve. Metode respon surface methodology digunakan untuk melihat pengaruh variabel terhadap suatu variabel respon dan untuk mengoptimalkan variabel respon tersebut. Optimasi waktu tercepat saat mengatasi gangguan dengan variasi level adalah tuning parameter Kc=17,18 dan Ti=5,6 dengan waktu 0,3 menit dan bukaan OP 26,9%. Waktu terlama saat mengatasi gangguan adalah pada Kc=4,64, Ti=9,27 menit, time=0,61 menit dengan OP=10,6%.Key words: Control dynamic, Control PID, Response Surface Methodology.