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2021 ◽  
Vol 429 ◽  
pp. 119600
Author(s):  
Walaa A. Kamel ◽  
Jasem Al Hashel ◽  
Samira Al Tailji ◽  
Masoud Elgadafi ◽  
Waleed Ahmed ◽  
...  

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Bellini ◽  
Eleonora Del Prete ◽  
Elisa Unti ◽  
Daniela Frosini ◽  
Gabriele Siciliano ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Spastic Paraplegia type 7 (SPG7) is one of the most common autosomal recessive Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias (HSP); Spastic Paraplegias (SPGs) can present as hereditary ataxias. However, ataxia is frequently the symptom of presentation of many other hereditary/sporadic disorders, such as Multiple system atrophy type C (MSA-C), an α-synuclein sporadic neurodegenerative disorder, in which cerebellar ataxia is one of the main clinical features. Dopamine Transporter imaging (DAT-SCAN), associated with clinical features, can be a helpful tool in order to distinguish MSA-C from other causes of ataxia. Case-presentation We present the case of a 70-year-old man with gait difficulties over a period of 3 years and frequent backward/lateral falls. He also reported urinary urge incontinence, but no symptoms that are compatible with orthostatic hypotension. On neurological examination he showed ataxic gait, spasticity in the left lower limb and trunk and limb ataxia, especially on the left side. Mild hypokinesia was found in all 4 limbs, especially in the left foot. MRI revealed atrophy of the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis. DAT-SCAN imaging revealed bilateral nigro-striatal degeneration, which was compatible with a diagnosis of possible MSA-C. Considering the atypical disease course (the patient walked without any support after 3 years), we carried out a genetic investigation for Ataxia, and a mutation in SPG7 was found. Conclusions DAT-SCAN imaging, evaluated together with the clinical findings, can be useful for differentiating MSA from other possible causes of adult-onset Ataxia. Indeed, patients with MSA-C generally show a decreased uptake of dopamine transporters in DAT-SCAN imaging. Ours is the first case reported in the literature of a patient with SPG7 mutation with nigrostriatal degeneration and a clinical presentation of a possible MSA-C. Performing genetic investigations in patients with an atypical disease course is important to avoid MSA-mimicries. Identifying the correct diagnosis is important not only for prognostic reasons, but also for possible future genetic therapies.


2020 ◽  
Vol 267 (9) ◽  
pp. 2603-2611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Idil Seckin ◽  
Jennifer L. Whitwell ◽  
Rene L. Utianski ◽  
Hugo Botha ◽  
Farwa Ali ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domingo Madrid García ◽  
◽  
Marta García Martínez-Lozano ◽  
Xenia Fernández Álvaro ◽  
Sandro García Pla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

Objetivos: -Valorar la utilidad de las pruebas de neuroimagen funcional en consumidores crónicos de cocaína con trastornos del movimiento. -Evaluar la existencia de alteraciones neuropsicológicas permanentes tras abstinencia prolongada a cocaína. Material y métodos: Caso único (N=1). Varón de 41 años derivado por tics motores múltiples, espasmos mioclónicos, temblor distal de MMSS, ansiedad e insomnio de varios años de evolución. Antecedentes: hiperactividad/impulsividad y tics simples en la infancia no catalogados ni tratados. Consumo diario de THC y Cocaína vía inhalada desde los 18 años. Abstinencia a cocaína desde hace 6 años y THC hace un mes. Pruebas realizadas: -Dat-SCAN SPECT -Estado cognitivo general: Test MOCA, test de las FOTOS. -Atención: TMT y sustracciones. -Funciones ejecutivas: STROOP, WCST y test del reloj. -Memoria: dígitos directos e inversos. -Praxias: gesto simbólico, imitación de posturas. Resultados: -DaT-SCAN SPECT: alteración de la función dopaminérgica en la vía nigroestriada, predominante en núcleo caudado izquierdo y putamen derecho. -Evaluación neuropsicológica: deterioro cognitivo leve. Alteraciones severas en funciones ejecutivas, leves en memoria remota. Normalidad resto de dominios. Descartamos síndrome de la Tourette por mala respuesta a Haloperidol y ausencia de criterios clínicos previos a 18 años. Tras el Dat-SCAN SPECT, se pautó Amisulpride (antipsicótico agonista parcial dopaminérgico) produciéndose franca mejoría de la clínica motora. Finalmente, se diagnosticó: “Trastorno mental específico después de daño cerebral orgánico (F07.9 CIE-10)” Conclusiones: -Estos hallazgos sugieren que, las pruebas de neuroimagen funcional que evalúan la vía dopaminérgica nigroestriada, son una herramienta útil para el diagnóstico diferencial de trastornos del movimiento secundarios al consumo crónico de cocaína, permitiendo orientar el tratamiento. -De los dominios evaluados, apreciamos especial afectación en funciones ejecutivas. Esto sugiere alteraciones más acusadas en sistemas dopaminérgicos prefrontales -A diferencia de otras dependencias, en la cocaína no parece que la abstinencia prolongada permita la recuperación total de las funciones cognitivas afectadas.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta García Martínez-Lozano ◽  
◽  
Domingo Madrid García ◽  
Jose Alberto Moreno González ◽  
Mar Caballero Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dat Scan ◽  

Objetivos. Estudiar la relación existente entre clínica motora y antecedente de consumo de cocaína. Introducción. Diversos estudios describen la posibilidad de pérdida de los terminales dopaminérgicos o incluso neuronas enteras tras consumo crónico de Cocaína. La Cocaína bloquea la recaptación de catecolaminas, serotonina y del transportador de dopamina (DAT) aumentando sus concentraciones extracelulares. Es probable que en consumidores crónicos de cocaína exista un aumento de la densidad del DAT que junto con la disminución de la función dopaminérgica (por efecto neurotóxico de la dopamina) llevaría a una marcada hipodopaminergia. Material y Métodos Estudio de caso único, N=1. Se presenta paciente varón de 41 años que derivan por clínica de tics motores y vocales, espasmos mioclónicos, temblor distal de miembros superiores, ansiedad e insomnio progresivo en los últimos meses. Como antecedentes de interés, hiperactividad/impulsividad y tics motores leves en la infancia-adolescencia, no catalogados ni tratados. Desde los 18 años, consumo diario de Cannabis y Cocaína vía inhalada. Abstinente a Cocaína desde hace 6 años. DaT-SCAN SPECT: alteración de la función dopaminérgica en la vía nigro-estriatal, predominio en el núcleo caudado izquierdo y putamen derecho. Resultado y conclusiones. Se descartó inicialmente la posibilidad de un Síndrome Tourette dada la mala respuesta al tratamiento con Haloperidol (empeoramiento de clínica motora) y ausencia de criterios clínicos antes de los 18 años. Dados los resultados del DaT-SCAN, clínica compatible y mejoría con Amisulprida se consideró: Deterioro de las vías dopaminérgicas nigroestriadas secundario al consumo de cocaína.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Doher ◽  
Harsh V Gupta
Keyword(s):  

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Puligheddu ◽  
Michela Figorilli ◽  
Alessandra Serra ◽  
Ilaria Laccu ◽  
Patrizia Congiu ◽  
...  

Abstract Study Objectives The neurophysiological hallmark of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is loss of atonia during REM sleep. Indeed, signs and symptoms of neurodegeneration can occur after years, even decades, from its beginning. This study aimed to measure neurophysiological alterations of the brainstem that potentially correlate with the severity of atonia loss, and determining whether a prodromal neurodegenerative disorder underlines this condition when it occurs as an isolated condition (iRBD). Methods Subjects with iRBD and matched healthy controls were recruited. The study included the recording of one-night polysomnography, vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs), and a [123I]-FP-CIT dopamine transporter (DAT) scan. The quantification of REM sleep without atonia (RSWA) was made according to two previously published manual methods and one automated method. Results The rate of alteration of VEMPs and VEMP score were significantly higher in iRBD patients than controls. Moreover, VEMP score was negatively correlated with the automated REM atonia index; a marginal statistical significance was also reached for the positive correlation with the visual tonic electromyographic parameter, while the other correlations, including that with DAT-scan score were not statistically significant. Conclusions Brainstem neurophysiology in iRBD can be assessed by VEMPs and their alterations may possibly indicate an early expression of the neurodegenerative process underlying this disorder at the brainstem level, which awaits future longitudinal confirmation. The correlation between RSWA and VEMP alteration might also represent a prodromal aspect anticipating the possible evolution from iRBD to neurodegeneration, whereas DAT-scan abnormalities might represent a later step in this evolution.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
George P. Paraskevas ◽  
Vasilios C. Constantinides ◽  
Efstratios-Stylianos Pyrgelis ◽  
Elisabeth Kapaki

Background: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by deposition of amyloid in small/medium size brain vessels, and may coexist with Alzheimer’s disease or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We describe a patient with a clinical diagnosis of DLB and imaging/biochemical characteristics suggestive of mixed small vessel disease (both CAA and non-amyloid microangiopathy). Methods: Clinical evaluation according to recent diagnostic criteria, magnetic resonance imaging, dopamine-transporter scan (DAT-scan) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis for dementia biomarkers were all performed. Results: The patient is a 71-year-old male, fulfilling criteria for probable DLB, with a positive DAT-scan, but with multiple microbleeds in a cortical-subcortical location suggestive of CAA, some microbleeds in deep brain nuclei suggestive of non-amyloid microangiopathy and abnormal levels of only amyloid-beta (Aβ42) in CSF. Conclusion: Coexistent mixed vascular and neurodegenerative disorders are frequent in older subjects with dementia and each one of the underlying pathologies may contribute to, or modify the clinical presentation.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuji Sakakibara ◽  
Fuyuki Tateno ◽  
Yosuke Aiba ◽  
Tsuyoshi Ogata ◽  
Masahiko Kishi ◽  
...  

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