Pulsar: physical generalization of the galactic time-space

The article considers a complex of geometric representations of space-time, based on general dynamic theories of celestial mechanics in close connection with pulsar astrometry as the physical basis of coordinate-time transformations within the solar system and galactic space as a whole. The pulsar time scale is considered as a certain material system with continuous and stable motion, representing a certain measurable parameter – the rotation period P, which changes as a function of the independent time variable – its derivative. The physical pulsar scale is a sequence of measured daily increments of the initial radiation period within any duration. According to observations at the BSA radio telescope (Pushchino) of the pulsar B0950+08, the time scale was determined with an initial period of P0=0.2530653211840410 s on the date MJD0 = 58971 (02.05.2020; 21h.58m.07s). A measured daily increment ΔP = 1.4441·10E-11 s corresponds to the measured value of the derivative P = 1.6759949886E-16, which is determined by the observational timing data. Measured ΔP are defined in the 25th decimal place. Up to 14-15 digits, Δ P there is a pulsar time scale with femtosecond resolution. From 15-16 to 25 digits Δ P is presumably sequential fixation of discrete states of microparticles during quantum-mechanical interactions of matter and electromagnetic radiation of a pulsar. According to our hypothesis, the diversity of the material world and physical processes occurring in celestial and quantum mechanics are finite and it can be generalized. This implies the inseparable unity of physical laws in four-dimensional space of celestial and quantum mechanics, detectable on pulsar time scales under the same conditions.

Effect of 1 vs. 2 decimal place reporting of creatinine (mg/dL) for calculation of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)

Introduction/Objective Our multi-hospital system recently adopted uniform use of 2 decimal places for reporting of creatinine (mg/dL), in accordance with NIH guidelines. Surprisingly, this change in patient reports fostered complaints from clinicians. Use of 2 decimal places is both analytically appropriate and reduces imprecision in calculations of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Primary literature is devoid, however, of a delineation of the scale of the effect of using 1 vs. 2 decimal places to calculate eGFR. We examined this effect for both the Modified Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) eGFR equations. Methods/Case Report Creatinine is an input to a single multiplicative creatinine factor in eGFR calculations for MDRD and CKD-EPI equations. We calculated the creatinine factor for these equations for creatinine=0.6-10 mg/dL, and evaluated the % difference in this factor when using increments of 0.1 mg/dL (1 decimal place) compared to increments of 0.1±0.05 mg/dL (viz., the 2 decimal place boundaries of a rounded 1 decimal place report). The observed % differences reflect those that would be observed in associated eGFR results. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) Input of 1 vs. 2 decimal places for creatinine in eGFR calculations, using either MDRD or CKD-EPI, produces differences in eGFR of greater than ±5% only for creatinine <1.2 mg/dL, and greater than ±10% only for creatinine <0.6 mg/dL (MDRD only). These ranges for creatinine are within or near-to reference ranges for both males (0.7-1.4 mg/dL) and females (0.6-1.0 mg/dL), and encompass approximately 70% of all patient reports for our patient population. For comparison, eGFR has a 95% confidence interval of approximately ±30% across all eGFR’s. Conclusion The ±5% reduction in precision in eGFR for such a large fraction of results by use of only 1 decimal place for creatinine was deemed unwarranted. Clinician complaints were handled by one-to-one discussions.

Pochhammer–Chree equation solver for dispersion correction of elastic waves in a (split) Hopkinson bar

A robust algorithm for solving the Bancroft version of the Pochhammer–Chree (PC) equation is developed based on the iterative root-finding process. The formulated solver not only obtains the conventional n-series solutions but also derives a new series of solutions, named m-series solutions. The n-series solutions are located on the PC function surface that relatively gradually varies in the vicinity of the roots, whereas the m-series solutions are located between two PC function surfaces with (nearly) positive and negative infinity values. The proposed solver obtains a series of sound speeds at exactly the frequencies necessary for dispersion correction, and the derived solutions are accurate to the ninth decimal place. The solver is capable of solving the PC equation up to n = 20 and m = 20 in the ranges of Poisson’s ratio ( ν) of 0.02 [Formula: see text] ν [Formula: see text] 0.48, normalised frequency ( F) of F [Formula: see text] 30, and normalised sound speed ( C) of C [Formula: see text] 300. The developed algorithm was implemented in MATLAB®, which is available in the Supplemental Material (accessible online).

Detecting and Measuring Defects in Wafer Die Using GAN and YOLOv3

This research used deep learning methods to develop a set of algorithms to detect die particle defects. Generative adversarial network (GAN) generated natural and realistic images, which improved the ability of you only look once version 3 (YOLOv3) to detect die defects. Then defects were measured based on the bounding boxes predicted by YOLOv3, which potentially provided the criteria for die quality sorting. The pseudo defective images generated by GAN from the real defective images were used as the training image set. The results obtained after training with the combination of the real and pseudo defective images were 7.33% higher in testing average precision (AP) and more accurate by one decimal place in testing coordinate error than after training with the real images alone. The GAN can enhance the diversity of defects, which improves the versatility of YOLOv3 somewhat. In summary, the method of combining GAN and YOLOv3 employed in this study creates a feature-free algorithm that does not require a massive collection of defective samples and does not require additional annotation of pseudo defects. The proposed method is feasible and advantageous for cases that deal with various kinds of die patterns.

TOURIST RESOURCES FOR BUSINESS TOURISM IN SOFIA AND PLOVDIV

The article presents the resources for business tourism in Sofiya and Plovdiv. These events are described in the "Catalogue of fairs and exhibitions in Bulgaria". In Sofia, such events are held at the Inter Expo Center, the Central Department Store, the National Palace of Culture, the Universiade Hall and Sofia Tech Park, while in Plovdiv they are organized only at the International Fair. The article uses the terms exhibition day, when a fair or exhibition is held and calendar day when one or more exhibitions are held in the city. Intensity interval is the ratio between the exhibition days and the calendar days by rounding to the second decimal place and it can be explained as the number of exhibitions that residents (visitors, tourists) of (in) a city can visit in one day.

Medieval Literature in Comparative Perspective

This paper provides a textual comparison of selected primary sources on medieval mathematics written in Sanskrit and medieval Latin for the first time. By emphasising literary features instead of purely mathematical ones, it attempts to shed light on a neglected area in the study of scientific treatises which concerns lexicon and argument strategies. The methodological perspective takes into account the intellectual context of knowledge production of the sources presented; the medieval Indian and Latin traditions are historically connected, in fact, by one of the most fascinating episodes in the history of knowledge transfer across cultures: the transmission of the decimal place value system. This cross-linguistic analysis compares and contrasts the versatile textuality and richness of forms defining the interplay between language and number in medieval Sanskrit and Latin works; it employs interdisciplinary methods (Philology, History of Science, and Literary Studies) and challenges disciplinary boundaries by putting side by side languages and textual cultures which are commonly treated separately. The purpose in writing this research is to expand upon recent scholarship on the Global Middle Ages by embracing an Eastern literary culture and, in doing so, to promote comparative studies which include non-European traditions. This research is intended as a further contribution to the field of Comparative Medieval Literature and Culture; it also aims to stimulate discussion on cross-linguistic and cross-cultural projects in Medieval Studies.