Effect of Intervention Training on the Mother-Child Relationship in Children with Autism: A Control Trial

Background: The disability to recognize emotional and mental states in others’ facial expressions is acknowledged as one of the major developmental-behavioral problems in children with autism. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of facial emotion recognition training on the interaction skills of children with autism. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional facial recognition on the mother-child relationship in children with autism. Methods: The present clinical trial was conducted based on a pre-test post-test design. Children aged 6-12 years with high- or moderate-functioning autism were assigned to two groups using the random block sampling method. Children in the intervention group were trained in 10 45-min sessions each week for 10 weeks using 40 images related to four situations of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear. The mother-child relationship questionnaire was completed one day before and one day after the intervention in both groups by the research assistant. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 22. Results: Emotional state training improved the mother-child relationship in the intervention group. There was also a statistically significant difference between the total scores of the mother-child relationship in the intervention group and the control group (p

Efficacy of Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA) Compared to Cryotherapy in Treating Patients with Positive VIA Result

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness TCA 85% compared to cryotherapy to treat patients with positive IVA result.Method: This is a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial study. Patients with positive VIA result referred to Jatinegara Primary Health Center were included in this study. Eligible samples were then treated with either TCA 85% or cryotherapy. The treatment was determined using a random block sampling method. Samples were then followed up 3 months after treatment in order to determine VIA result conversion.Result: Thirty-six patients were treated with TCA 85% and 36 others were treated with cryotherapy. 35 (97,2%) patients treated with TCA 85% converted to negative VIA, whereas all of the patients that were treated with cryotherapy converted to negative VIA. Bivariate analysis fisher’s exact test was then conducted with a result P-value of 1.00 (p > 0,05).Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference of result between TCA 85% and cryotherapy for treating patients with positive VIA result.Keywords: cervical cancer, cryotherapy, TCA 85%, VIA test. Abstrak Tujuan: Mengetahui efikasi TCA 85% pada tatalaksana IVA positif dibandingkan dengan krioterapiMetode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian randomized control trial menggunakan metode non-inferiority study. Subyek penelitian ini merupakan pasien dengan hasil IVA positif yang dirujuk ke Puskesmas Kecamatan Jatinegara, Jakarta Timur. Tatalaksana yang diberikan ditentukan menggunakan metode random block sampling. Subyek diikuti selama 3 bulan setelah tindakan untuk menentukan hasil konversi pemeriksaan IVA.Hasil: Sbenyak 36 subjek diterapi dengan TCA 85% dan 36 lainnya diterapi dengan krioterapi. Sebanyak 35 (97,2%) pasien yang ditatalaksana dengan TCA 85% mengalami konversi menjadi IVA negatif pada follow-up bulan ke-3, sedangkan seluruh pasien yang ditatalaksana dengan krioterapi menjadi konversi menjadi IVA negatif. Dilakukan analisis bivariat fisher’s exact test dan didapatkan nilai p sebesar 1,00 (p>0,05).Kesimpulan:Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna dari efikasi penggunaan TCA 85 % dibandingkan dengan krioterapi pada terapi IVA positif.Kata kunci: kanker serviks, krioterapi, pemeriksaan IVA, TCA 85%.

The influence of ergonomic breastfeeding training on some health parameters in infants and mothers: a randomized controlled trial

Background Breastfeeding is considered as a protective factor against non-communicable diseases in infants and mothers. The first aim of this study was to assess the influence of ergonomic breastfeeding training on the infants’ growth. The second aim was to investigate the effectiveness of this training for improving musculoskeletal disorders in mothers. Methods In this randomized control trial, 104 participants who were referred to the health centers in Shiraz for breastfeeding care were randomly allocated into the intervention or comparison group using a size-four block sampling method. At birth, 2, 4, and 6 months later childbirth, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment was used to assess musculoskeletal disorders in participants, and the severity of their discomfort was measured with the Visual Analog Scale. During the 6 months of the study (March to September, 2017), the weight and height of the neonates were measured every 2 months. Results Significant differences were found between groups in the priority level for corrective action in mothers’ postures determined by Rapid Upper Limb Assessment at 2, 4 and 6 months after childbirth (p < 0.001). Based on the Visual Analog Scale results in mothers at 6 months after childbirth, fewer back pain was reported by the intervention group (p = 0.03). No significant difference were found in the infants’ weights and heights in boys and girls at all growing stages between the two study groups (p > 0.05). However, the mean height for age of the girl infants at age of 6 months was higher among intervention groups compared to the controls (p = 0.01). Conclusion This study demonstrated that ergonomic breastfeeding training reduced the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders in mothers but seems not to have any significant and consistent impact on the infants’ growth. Trial registration fa.irct.ir IRCT2014042317398N1.