Diversity of lichens, mosses and vascular plants in the paludified herb-rich spruce forests of the Pinego-Mezen watershed (Arkhangelsk Region)

The paludified herb-rich spruce forests of the Pinego-Mezen watershed are characterized by a high speciesand coenotical diversity. The habitat type (floodplain, stream valley, mire margin) is the main compositional gradientfor vascular plant and moss diversity. The density, basal area and proportion of spruce and deciduous species in thetree stand are less significant. The main compositional gradient of the lichen diversity is the tree stand structure, whichprovides the availability and quality of the substrate for the epiphytic and epixilic lichens that prevail in such communities.The gradient of paludified herb-rich spruce forests from floodplain habitat to mire margins is less significant for thecomposition of lichen flora.

PERKEMBANGAN TEGAKAN SETELAH PENEBANGAN DI AREAL IUPHHK-HA PT. BARITO PUTERA, KALIMANTAN TENGAH Growth Development of Logged-Over Stand in the IUPHHK-HA Area of PT. Barito Putera, Central Kalimantan

Logging activity is one of the factors which changes the structure of forest stand. The objective of this study was to determine the species composition and development of forest stand structure in the IUPHHK-HA area of PT. Barito Putera, Central Kalimantan, especially on the logged over area (LOA) of year 2002, 2007, 2012, and also on the pre-logged area of year 2014 as a comparison (primary forest). Based on observations which have been made, species Shorea leprosula were dominant with different rates of growth in each observation area. Growth development of the stand on logged over area can be said to be normal, because it is in the process toward a normal forest conditions. Potency of the stand before felling in 2014 was 103 trees/ha for the nucleus trees, and 49 trees/ha with volume of 317.25 m3/ha of mature timber (ready to be harvested). On LOA of year 2012, the number of core trees was 77 trees/ha, and 51 trees/ha for mature timber (ready to harvested) with a volume of 584.84 m3/ha. LOA in 2007 exhibited the nucleus trees as many as 93 trees/ha and 53 trees/ha of mature timber (ready to be harvested) with a volume of 427.95 m3/ha. LOA in 2002 exhibited nucleus trees as many as 75 trees/ha and 59 trees/ha of mature timber (ready to harvested) with a volume of 442.41 m3/ha. The differences of growth development in the observation area were probably caused by illegal logging activities that occur in the forest area, and the damage of residual stand (including nucleus trees) as a result of logging and log transportation activities. Logged over forest conditions can be said to be in balance because there were more than 25 nucleus trees/ha remaining, appropriate to the Selective Cutting and Line Planting (TPTJ) regulations, which indicates that the logged over forest can be utilized in subsequent cutting rotation.Key words: composition, Dipterocarp forest, logged-over area, core tree, stand structure.

The history and natural regeneration of a secondary oak-beech woodland on a former wood-pasture in Hungary

Characteristic features of European woodland include both a reduction in natural forest areas and an increase in former agricultural areas occupied by secondary woodland. The management of these areas is challenging in terms of nature conservation, agricultural and forestry management and policy. The aim of our study was to reconstruct the history and to document the current tree stand structure for a secondary oak-beech woodland in Hungary. Towards the end of the 1800s, this area which was once almost completely occupied by a continuous forest, had been transformed into a wood-pasture. As a result of its gradual abandonment, the closed forest stand of the pasture increased from 10 to 52% between 1963 and 2005. The most characteristic feature of this woodland is the abundance of large trees. Globally, the number of large and ancient trees is rapidly diminishing. Therefore preserving and maintaining such areas, where large trees could live, is an essential management task.

Macromycetes in communities of Abies alba on its range border in central Poland

The paper presents results of mycocoenological examinations conducted in four nature reserves with <i>Abies alba</i> in Central Poland (Lubiaszów, Kruszewiec, Łaznów and Gałków) in 1997-1999. A list of 288 fungi accompanying silver fir communities close to the northern limit of the occurrence of the species, including 38 species identified in associations with <i>Abies alba</i> in Poland for the first time, is given. Statistical analysis has shown that a relationship exists between macromycete diversity, tree stand structure and plant communities such as <i>Tilio-Carpinetum, Luzulo pilosaee-Fagetum, Pino-Quercetum abietetosum</i>.

The estimation of carbon budgets of frequently burnt tree stands in savannas of northern Australia, using allometric analysis and isotopic discrimination

The stock, rates of sequestration and allocation of carbon were estimated for trees in 14 0.1-ha plots at Kapalga in Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, using new allometric relationships of carbon stock to stem cross-sectional area and measured growth rates of trees. Carbon stocks of trees ranged from 12 to 58 t ha–1, with sequestration representing ~9% of the total stocks. More than half of the sequestered carbon is allocated to leaves and twigs and ~20% to wood. Only ~25% is retained in the live trees with leaf and twig fall accounting for 80%–84% of the total transfers to the environment. An alternative method of calculating sequestration rates from consideration of water use and carbon-isotope discrimination data had a close to 1 : 1 match with estimates from allometric relationships. We developed and applied algorithms to predict the impacts of fire on carbon stocks of live trees. This showed that the reduction in live carbon stocks caused by single fires increased with increasing intensity, but the impact was highly dependent on the tree stand structure.