Viticultura biologică - o necesitate a dezvoltării durabile

The primary imperative of the sustainable development of the wine sector is to obtain organic pro-ducts, with low consumption of resources, in conditions of increased economic efficiency and the use of tec-hnological links that contribute to reducing energy consumption and protecting the environment. As a result of crossing Vitis vinifera L. with Muscadinia rotundifolia Michx. interspecific vine genotypes have been obtai-ned and identified that can be multiplied by pruning, without grafting, thus obtaining rhizogenic propagating material that contributes to reducing the costs of setting up vineyards. They were approved as table grape vari-eties: "Malena", "Nistreana" and "Algumax" and grape varieties for fresh consumption and processing: "Au-gustina", "Alexandrina" and "Amethyst". By creating plantations, it will contribute to the extension of the area to the northern limit of vine cultivation and obtaining products derived from the "organic" category.

Rhipicephalus sanguineus Complex in the Americas: Systematic, Genetic Diversity, and Geographic Insights

The Rhipicephalus sanguineus group encompasses at least 12 validated species of Palearctic and Afrotropical hard ticks, which are relevant in veterinary medicine and public health. The taxonomy of R. sanguineus s.s., has been particularly intensely debated, due to its wide geographic distribution, morphological variants, parasite-host associations, and its capacity and vectorial competence for the transmission of several pathogens. By sequencing mitochondrial markers, it was possible to identify the existence of multiple lineages, among which the Tropical and the Temperate lineages stand out, particularly in America. However, the northern limit between these lineages is not clear due to the lack of extensive sampling across Mexico. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to determine the genetic diversity and structure of the R. sanguineus group in Mexico and to compare it with the populations reported in the Americas, in order to propose the northern limit of the R. sanguineus Tropical lineage and the potential regions of sympatry with R. sanguineus s.s. The findings of this study now confirm the presence of R. sanguineus s.s. in Mexico, showing a subtle genetic structure and high genetic diversity throughout its distribution in the Americas. In contrast, the Tropical lineage seems to be genetically less diverse in its overall distribution in the Americas. The genetic diversity of these two independent lineages could have important epidemiological implications in the transmission of tick pathogens.

Spatial distribution and interannual variability of catches for pink salmon of artificial origin in the waters of eastern coast of Sakhalin Island in modern times

Mixed herds of pink salmon including the fish of both artificial and natural origin are exploited by fishery in many areas of Sakhalin Island. To separate the fish of different origin, large-scale tagging of the juveniles otoliths is conducted at salmon hatcheries since 2008. The hatcheries contribution to pink salmon catches in certain areas of East Sakhalin (from the Langeri River to Cape Crillon) is assessed for 2011–2017 on the base of previously published and new data on occurrence of the fish with marked otoliths. The specimens were sampled from commercial catches of 5–13 fixed nets and from research catches in 5–9 rivers throughout entire spawning season. In total, 40,992 otoliths of pink salmon were collected. The otoliths were prepared for microstructure analysis using standard methods of processing. All marked otoliths had the tags of hatcheries located on the eastern coast of Sakhalin. The fish of artificial origin were caught in all examined sites between Cape Soymonov and Cape Crillon every year, but in some years their distribution was wider, up to the northern limit of the investigated area (Langeri River). The fish of artificial origin migrated to all rivers within this area. The total annual landing of the pink salmon marked at artificial hatcheries in the East Sakhalin waters was estimated as 300–10600 t, by years. The rest of the fish of artificial origin (0.4–2.3 . 106 ind.) entered to the rivers and mostly reached the spawning grounds. Long-term dynamics of landing was compared for the pink salmon of artificial and natural origin and their independence was concluded. Distribution of pink salmon originated from certain artificial hatcheries by sites of catch was rather constant that allowed to extrapolate the results for marked fish to all released pink salmon. The highest contribution of pink salmon of artificial origin was noted for catches in the Aniva Bay (23.9 %, on average), it was lower for catches at the southeastern coast of Sakhalin (13.2 %), and more lower for catches in the Patience Bay (7.6 %). Total number of pink adults of artificial origin caught on a particular stretch of coast did not depend directly on the number of pink juveniles released from a local hatchery, but was determined mainly by number of fish migrated there from other hatcheries. The landing of pink salmon originated from artificial hatcheries directly in the rivers where these hatcheries were located and at their mouths was < 10 % of the total catch of pink salmon of artificial origin. Schemes of quantitative distribution of pink salmon with marked otoliths in the waters of East Sakhalin are presented.

Northern distributional extensions of Peropteryx leucoptera and Peropteryx pallidoptera (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) from Vichada, Colombia

The White-winged Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx leucoptera) and the Pale-winged Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx pallidoptera) are distinguished from the other emballonurid bats because they have white or translucent wings. Their distribution and biology are poorly known due to they are no captured in traditional bat inventories using mist nets. In this contribution, we extend the known distribution of P. leucoptera 260 km NE and P. pallidoptera 290 km NE. Our records are from three specimens collected in a mammal assessment at the riparian corridor of the river Meta in the Vichada department. This locality is the northern limit of the distributional range of both species. We highlight the need to continue the fieldwork on mammals inventories with specimen collections through the Colombian Llanos. We call attention to the importance of horizontal rotten logs as roost of P. leucoptera and other little known neotropical bats.

Differences in the “egumi” taste of moso-bamboo shoots: research using chemical analysis and two types of taste sensors

We conducted our research with the aim of determining whether the “egumi” taste of moso-bamboo shoots differs depending on the production area and how the “egumi” taste of bamboo shoots from Yamagata Prefecture, which is near the northern limit of cultivation, differs. The investigation was conducted using conventional chemical analysis methods to quantitatively evaluate the presence and content of homogentisic acid and oxalic acid in bamboo shoots from different regions. In addition, qualitative evaluation, for which chemical analysis alone is insufficient, was conducted using taste sensors, which have rarely been used. As a result, chemical analysis showed that homogentisic acid was not identified among the two substances considered to be major components of egumi taste, while oxalic acid was identified in all samples. Therefore, it is highly likely that oxalic acid is responsible for the “egumi” taste in this study. In addition, qualitative analysis using taste sensors revealed that there is a difference in “egumi” taste depending on the origin of the bamboo shoot. It was suggested that bamboo shoots from Yamagata Prefecture, near the northern limit of cultivation, had a stronger “egumi” taste than those from Kyoto and Fukuoka Prefectures.