scholarly journals The history and natural regeneration of a secondary oak-beech woodland on a former wood-pasture in Hungary

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Varga ◽  
Péter Ódor ◽  
Zsolt Molnár ◽  
János Bölöni
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Wood Pasture ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
Forestry Management ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Closed Forest ◽  
Tree Stand Structure ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Characteristic features of European woodland include both a reduction in natural forest areas and an increase in former agricultural areas occupied by secondary woodland. The management of these areas is challenging in terms of nature conservation, agricultural and forestry management and policy. The aim of our study was to reconstruct the history and to document the current tree stand structure for a secondary oak-beech woodland in Hungary. Towards the end of the 1800s, this area which was once almost completely occupied by a continuous forest, had been transformed into a wood-pasture. As a result of its gradual abandonment, the closed forest stand of the pasture increased from 10 to 52% between 1963 and 2005. The most characteristic feature of this woodland is the abundance of large trees. Globally, the number of large and ancient trees is rapidly diminishing. Therefore preserving and maintaining such areas, where large trees could live, is an essential management task.

scholarly journals Macromycetes in communities of Abies alba on its range border in central Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-131
Author(s):  
Jarosłaaw Szkodzik
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Northern Limit ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Tree Stand Structure ◽  
First Time

The paper presents results of mycocoenological examinations conducted in four nature reserves with <i>Abies alba</i> in Central Poland (Lubiaszów, Kruszewiec, Łaznów and Gałków) in 1997-1999. A list of 288 fungi accompanying silver fir communities close to the northern limit of the occurrence of the species, including 38 species identified in associations with <i>Abies alba</i> in Poland for the first time, is given. Statistical analysis has shown that a relationship exists between macromycete diversity, tree stand structure and plant communities such as <i>Tilio-Carpinetum, Luzulo pilosaee-Fagetum, Pino-Quercetum abietetosum</i>.

Age-related Decline in Forest Ecosystem Growth: An Individual-Tree, Stand-Structure Hypothesis

Ecosystems ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Binkley ◽  
Jos&#x000E9; L. Stape ◽  
Michael G. Ryan ◽  
Holly R. Barnard ◽  
James Fownes
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Tree Stand Structure

The estimation of carbon budgets of frequently burnt tree stands in savannas of northern Australia, using allometric analysis and isotopic discrimination

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Cook ◽  
A. C. Liedloff ◽  
R. W. Eager ◽  
X. Chen ◽  
R. J. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tree Stand Structure ◽  
Allometric Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The stock, rates of sequestration and allocation of carbon were estimated for trees in 14 0.1-ha plots at Kapalga in Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, using new allometric relationships of carbon stock to stem cross-sectional area and measured growth rates of trees. Carbon stocks of trees ranged from 12 to 58 t ha–1, with sequestration representing ~9% of the total stocks. More than half of the sequestered carbon is allocated to leaves and twigs and ~20% to wood. Only ~25% is retained in the live trees with leaf and twig fall accounting for 80%–84% of the total transfers to the environment. An alternative method of calculating sequestration rates from consideration of water use and carbon-isotope discrimination data had a close to 1 : 1 match with estimates from allometric relationships. We developed and applied algorithms to predict the impacts of fire on carbon stocks of live trees. This showed that the reduction in live carbon stocks caused by single fires increased with increasing intensity, but the impact was highly dependent on the tree stand structure.

Forest structure altered by mountain pine beetle outbreaks affects subsequent attack in a Wyoming lodgepole pine forest, USA

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2403-2412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Kashian ◽  
Rebecca M. Jackson ◽  
Heather D. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
The 1960S

Extensive outbreaks of the mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) will alter the structure of many stands that will likely be attacked again before experiencing a stand-replacing fire. We examined a stand of lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) in Grand Teton National Park currently experiencing a moderate-level outbreak and previously attacked by mountain pine beetle in the 1960s. Consistent with published studies, tree diameter was the main predictor of beetle attack on a given tree, large trees were preferentially attacked, and tree vigor, age, and cone production were unimportant variables for beetle attack at epidemic levels. Small trees killed in the stand were killed based mainly on their proximity to large trees and were likely spatially aggregated with large trees as a result of the previous outbreak. We concluded that the driving factors of beetle attack and their spatial patterns are consistent across outbreak severities but that stand structure altered by the previous outbreak had implications for the current outbreaks in the same location. This study should catalyze additional research that examines how beetle-altered stand structure affects future outbreaks — an important priority for predicting their impacts under climate change scenarios that project increases in outbreak frequency and extent.

scholarly journals Stand Structure and Composition 32 Years after Precommercial Thinning Treatments in a Mixed Northern Conifer Stand in Central Maine

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron R. Weiskittel ◽  
Laura S. Kenefic ◽  
Rongxia Li ◽  
John Brissette
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Stand Attributes ◽  
And Control

Abstract The effects of four precommercial thinning (PCT) treatments on an even-aged northern conifer stand in Maine were investigated by examining stand structure and composition 32 years after treatment. Replicated treatments applied in 1976 included: (1) control (no PCT), (2) row thinning (rowthin; 5-ft-wide row removal with 3-ft-wide residual strips), (3) row thinning with crop tree release (rowthin+CTR; 5-ft-wide row removal with crop tree release at 8-ft intervals in 3-ft-wide residual strips), and (4) crop tree release (CTR; release of selected crop trees at 8×8-ft intervals). PCT plots had more large trees and fewer small trees than the control in 2008. There were no other significant differences between the rowthin and control. The rowthin+CTR and CTR treatments had lower total and hardwood basal area (BA) and higher merchantable conifer BA than the control. CTR also resulted in more red spruce (Picea rubens [Sarg.]) and less balsam fir (Abies balsamea [L.]) than the other treatments. Although stand structures for rowthin+CTR and CTR were similar, the percentage of spruce in CTR was greater. Although the less-intensive rowthin+CTR treatment may provide many of the same benefits as CTR, the latter would be the preferred treatment if increasing the spruce component of a stand is an objective. Overall, early thinning treatments were found to have long-term effects on key stand attributes, even more than 30 years after treatment in areas with mixed species composition and moderate site potential.

Developmental Pattern and Structural Organisation of Leaf Chloroplasts in Lepidozamia peroffskyana

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Bonatti ◽  
RB Fornasiero
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Development ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Structural Pattern ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Closed Forest ◽  
Weak Light ◽  
Characteristic Features

The ontogenesis of chloroplasts during leaf development in Lepidozamia peroffskyana Regel is described; this cycad lives in the ground layer of the evergreen subtropical closed forest of south-eastern Australia. Characteristic features in young plastids are long bands of multilayered thylakoids, resembling photosynthetic structures of some green algae and ferns. 'Optional' structures, namely prothylakoid bodies and crystalline inclusions, are present in the pre-grana stages, in relation to the slow rate of leaf development. Mature chloroplasts are characterised by a great number of randomly oriented high grana stacks, a lack of starch, a high ratio of appressed to exposed thylakoids, and a low ratio of Chl a to Chl b; these shade features appear coherent with the natural habitat of Lepidozamia. However, since similar structures have been reported in mature chloroplasts of other cycads living in exposed sites, the existence of a genetically superimposed structural pattern is hypothesised, reflecting a primitive adaptation to weak light conditions of this group of ancient seed plants.

scholarly journals Hydrology of Drained Peatland Forest: Numerical Experiment on the Role of Tree Stand Heterogeneity and Management

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leena Stenberg ◽  
Kersti Haahti ◽  
Hannu Hökkä ◽  
Samuli Launiainen ◽  
Mika Nieminen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Numerical Experiment ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Site Water ◽  
Stand Thinning

A prerequisite for sustainable peatland forestry is sufficiently low water table (WT) level for profitable tree production. This requires better understanding on controls and feedbacks between tree stand and its evapotranspiration, drainage network condition, climate, and WT levels. This study explores the role of spatial tree stand distribution in the spatiotemporal distribution of WT levels and site water balance. A numerical experiment was conducted by a three-dimensional (3-D) hydrological model (FLUSH) applied to a 0.5 ha peatland forest assuming (1) spatially uniform interception and transpiration, (2) interception and transpiration scaled with spatial distributions of tree crown and root biomass, and (3) the combination of spatially scaled interception and uniform transpiration. Site water balance and WT levels were simulated for two meteorologically contrasting years. Spatial variations in transpiration were found to control WT levels even in a forest with relatively low stand stem volume (<100 m3/ha). Forest management scenarios demonstrated how stand thinning and reduced drainage efficiency raised WT levels and increased the area and duration of excessively wet conditions having potentially negative economic (reduced tree growth) and environmental (e.g., methane emissions, phosphorus mobilization) consequences. In practice, silvicultural treatment manipulating spatial stand structure should be optimized to avoid emergence of wet spots.

Temporal variability of size–growth relationships in a Norway spruce forest: the influences of stand structure, logging, and climate

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Castagneri ◽  
Paola Nola ◽  
Paolo Cherubini ◽  
Renzo Motta
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Growth Partitioning ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Ring Analysis

In a forest stand, competition plays a central role, affecting individual growth. The size–growth relationship (SGR) indicates whether large trees grow proportionally more than (asymmetric SGR), equal to (symmetric), or less than (inversely asymmetric) smaller trees. SGR is thus an indicator of the growth partitioning and competition intensity within a stand. Using tree-ring analysis, we investigated long-term trends and interannual variability of SGR in several Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands in the Paneveggio Forest (eastern Italian Alps) over a 100-year period. The study plots were characterized by different stand structures (one multilayered and two monolayered) and disturbance histories (different dates of logging). Logging conducted until the 1940s induced an inversely asymmetric SGR in all the plots. During the successive five decades, in the monolayered plots, it shifted to direct asymmetric (plot 1) and to symmetric (plot 2). In the multilayered plot (plot 3), SGR remained inversely asymmetric. A direct effect of climate on SGR interannual variability was not found. However, fast-growing trees had a stronger climatic signal than slow-growing trees, indicating that growth rate affects tree response to climate. Moreover, we observed that sensitivity to climate was reduced in the monolayered plots over the study period, possibly as a consequence of increased competition.

scholarly journals Sex-Biased Habitat Use by Phyllostomid Bats on Riparian Corridors in a Human Dominated Tropical Landscape

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika de la Peña-Cuéllar ◽  
Julieta Benítez-Malvido
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Riparian Corridors ◽  
Landscape Modification ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
Large Trees

Some animal species exhibit sex-specific patterns as an adaptation to their habitats, however, adaptability to a human-dominated landscape is commonly explored without considering intraspecific sexual differences. Differences between males and females lead to a sexual segregation in habitat use. In southern Mexico, we explored sex-specific responses to landscape modification of six common species of phyllostomid bats: Artibeus jamaicensis, A. lituratus, Sturnira lilium, Carollia perspicillata, Glossophaga soricina, and Platyrrhinus helleri using riparian corridors within continuous forest and cattle pastures. Furthermore, we explored sex related responses to vegetation attributes (i.e., tree height and basal area) and seasonality (i.e., wet and dry seasons). Overall, capture rates were significantly skewed toward females and riparian corridors in pastures. Females of G. soricina exhibited a strong positive relationship with greater tree height and basal area. Seasonality was important for A. lituratus and S. lilium females, only. The results indicate a sexual driven response of bats to habitat modification. The high energetic demands of females associated to reproduction could lead to foraging into riparian corridors in pastures. The presence of large trees along riparian corridors in pastures may help maintaining a diverse and dynamic bat community in modified tropical landscapes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document