Comparison of Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Levels in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Compared to Healthy Populations at RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang

Background. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypical autoimmune disease with various significant diseases, where SLE can affect the entire population in the world. This study aims to compare and analyze differences in the composition of the gut microbiota of SLE patients compared to healthy controls based on SCFA examination in Indonesia. Methods. The type of research conducted in this research is an analytical observational study with a case-control design. The research was conducted at Dr. RSUP. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang from October 2020 to October 2021. The sample in this study was divided into two groups, namely, the case group, and the control group. The case group was all SLE patients who met the inclusion criteria, while the control group was a healthy population who did a medical check-up at Dr. RSUP. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. SCFA examination was carried out using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) from fecal samples. Results. The results showed that there were two groups of SCFA values, namely the normal group and the microbiota dysbiosis group where the SCFA value was low or less than 4. in the SLE and normal populations where there were 6 SLE subjects who had normal SCFA values or 37.5% and there were 10 SLE subjects who experienced microbiota dysbiosis. or 62.5%. In the healthy population group, all subjects had SCFA values that were included in the normal category, namely 16 subjects or 100%. Based on the severity of SLE using the SLEDAI MEX score, all SLE patients in the study were in the active or category flare where the SLEDAI MEX score was > 5. Conclusion. Patients with microbiota dysbiosis tended to have an LES of 7,222 or 7 times greater than patients who did not have microbiota dysbiosis or had normal SCFA values.

Testing the Validity and Reliability of Machiavellianism Scale for Adolescents in a Turkish Speaking

Machiavvellianism is a personality trait which includes insincerity, callaousness and dishonesty. Although it was mainly studied by the literature of Psychopathology for a long time, Machiavvellianism is accepted as a trait which ordinary people has or must have, especially in competetive and extremely individualistic systems. Therefore this concept must also be studied in normal populations. Accordingly, the main aim of this research was to test the reliability and validity of Kiddie Mach (Christie, & Geis, 1970) in a Turkish speaking adolescent sample. A total of 471 adolescents (242 female, 225 male, 4 missing) were recruited for the study. The age range of the sample was 15-17 (Mean= 16.7, SD=.61). Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses indicated that scale had two dimensions. Two different analyzes were conducted to test the construct validity. First the extreme scores were compared for each subscale with t-test. The results showed that the mean differences between the upper and lower groups were significant. Second, Pearson Correlational Coefficients were analyzed between the Machiavvellianism total score which was formed as a sum of two subdimentions and narcissism, traditional ve cyberbullying, callaousness ve prosocial behaviors. All correlations were significant in expected directions. Allover results indicated that Machiavvellianism Scale was a reliable and valid measurement tool among Turkish speaking adolescents. Keywords: Machiavvellianism, Narcissism, Callaousness, Prosocial Behaviors, Adolescents

Asymptotic approximation of misclassification probabilities in linear discriminant analysis with repeated measurements

We propose asymptotic approximations for the probabilities of misclassification in linear discriminant analysis when the group means follow a growth curve structure. The discriminant function can classify a new observation vector of p repeated measurements into one of several multivariate normal populations with equal covariance matrix. We derive certain relations of the statistics under consideration in order to obtain asymptotic approximation of misclassification errors for the two group case. Finally, we perform Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the reliability of the proposed results.

Shame as a Predictor of the Guilt of Sexual Offenders in the Correctional Institutions

Studies of shame and guilt have focused more on normal populations and cultural and religious contexts. The study of this topic for a group of subjects who commit crimes is still limited, especially sexual crimes as actions that are considered socially embarrassing. This study focused on examining the relationship of shame with guilt on inmates of sexual crimes (N = 143) who are carrying out sentences in correctional institutions. Shame and guilt are measured using the Guilt and Shame Proneness (GASP) Scale developed by Cohen et al. This study found a significant positive association so that shame can be a predictor of guilt. This study has implications for the importance of correctional institutions providing treatment to increase shame for prisoners of sexual crimes, thereby preventing the re-offense of their crimes.