Budaya Agraris Dalam Konsep Idiom Bahasa Indonesia: Kajian Antropolinguistik

Language cannot be separated from culture. In fact, language is the cultural expression of a nation. An agrarian culture in Indonesian has undergone internalization, giving birth to new words and phrases. The results of this study show several words and phrases which are idioms in Indonesian with the process of internalization of agrarian culture. The words and phrases of the agrarian culture can be found in agricultural terms, for example lahan basah, membanting tulang, memeras keringat, panen, mencairkan, and others. These words and phrases have blended in people's minds and expressed everyday culture. Who knows who started and where it came from. However, the Indonesian language user community has accepted these terms as ancestral cultural heritage. Understanding idioms seems difficult if you only understand the meaning of conventions from Indonesian speakers. The semantic load contained in the concept of idioms is too long a derivative chain. Therefore, this paper bridges Indonesian language users to understand the concept of Indonesian idioms which is an internalization of the Indonesian agrarian culture itself.

BUDAYA AGRARIS DALAM KONSEP IDIOM BAHASA INDONESIA: KAJIAN ANTROPOLINGUISTIK

ABSTRACT Language cannot be separated from culture. In fact, language is the cultural expression of a nation. An agrarian culture in Indonesian has undergone internalization, giving birth to new words and phrases. The results of this study show several words and phrases which are idioms in Indonesian with the process of internalization of agrarian culture. The words and phrases of the agrarian culture can be found in agricultural terms, for example lahan basah, membanting tulang, memeras keringat, panen, mencairkan, and others. These words and phrases have blended in people's minds and expressed everyday culture. Who knows who started and where it came from. However, the Indonesian language user community has accepted these terms as ancestral cultural heritage. Understanding idioms seems difficult if you only understand the meaning of conventions from Indonesian speakers. The semantic load contained in the concept of idioms is too long a derivative chain. Therefore, this paper bridges Indonesian language users to understand the concept of Indonesian idioms which is an internalization of the Indonesian agrarian culture itself. ABSTRAK Bahasa memang tidak bisa dipisahkan dari budaya. Bahkan, bahasa merupakan ekspresi budaya suatu bangsa. Budaya agraris dalam bahasa Indonesia sudah mengalami internalisasi sehingga melahirkan berbagai kata dan frasa baru. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan beberapa kata dan frasa yang merupakan idiom dalam bahasa Indonesia dengan proses internalisasi budaya agraris. Kata dan frasa dari budaya agraris tersebut dapat ditemukan dalam istilah pertanian, misalnya lahan basah, membanting tulang, memeras keringat, panen, mencairkan, dan lain-lain. Kata dan frasa tersebut telah membaur dalam benak masyarakat dan mengekspresikan budaya sehari-hari. Entah siapa yang memulai dan dari mana munculnya. Akan tetapi, masyarakat pengguna bahasa Indonesia telah menerima istilah-istilah tersebut sebagai warisan budaya nenek moyang. Memahami idiom sepertinya sulit jika hanya memahami makna konvensi dari para penutur bahasa Indonesia. Beban semantik yang terkandung dalam konsep idiom terlalu panjang rantai turunannya. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini menjembatani pemakai bahasa Indonesia untuk memahami konsep idiom bahasa Indonesia yang merupakan internalisasi dari budaya agraris masyarakat Indonesia sendiri.

PROFIL LAPISAN PEMAHAMAN MAHASISWA CALON GURU

At the end of the decade was diverse any researches has been done regarding understanding. Pegg and Tall (2005) identified two types of theories of cognitive growth of global and local. Dubinsky with APOS theory (action, process, object, scheme), Pirie & Kieren with the model of understanding.layer (level). Pirie &Kieren (1994) has provided a theoretical framework of eight levels (layers) of understanding, namely; i) primitive knowing, ii) image making, iii) image having, iv) property noticing, v) formalizing, vi) observing, vii) structuring and viii) inventising. Martin (2008) describes a framework in folding back the three elements, namely i) the source of folding back, ii) the form of folding back and iii) the results of folding back. Guided by the model Pirie & Kieren and indicator of the form of folding back of Martin, research was conducted on student teachers. Devices in the interview given problem based task is to find the derivative of function f(x) = (2x + 4)4(1-3x)5. After the interview was analyzed, be concluded that: 1. The subject with high-math capable outermost achieving layer of understanding that inventising. This subject meets the indicators understanding of image making, image having, property noticing, observing, formlising, structuring. Even up to the last layer of the subjects had a complete understanding of the derivative function structured form of the product of two polynomial functions, answering questions, write and explain the application of the concept of the derivative function in Physics. 2. The subject of being reached lining mathematical capable outermost achieving layer of understanding primitive knowing, not reaching the formalizing because he only uses derivative chain rule function composition, but are not able to mention the name of the rule. This subject did folding back form "cause discontinuous".3.The subject lower mathematical ability is not on the innermost layer (primitive knowing)

On the derivative chain-rules in fractional calculus via fractional difference and their application to systems modelling

It has been pointed out that the derivative chains rules in fractional differential calculus via fractional calculus are not quite satisfactory as far as they can yield different results which depend upon how the formula is applied, that is to say depending upon where is the considered function and where is the function of function. The purpose of the present short note is to display some comments (which might be clarifying to some readers) on the matter. This feature is basically related to the non-commutativity of fractional derivative on the one hand, and furthermore, it is very close to the physical significance of the systems under consideration on the other hand, in such a manner that everything is right so. As an example, it is shown that the trivial first order system may have several fractional modelling depending upon the way by which it is observed. This suggests some rules to construct the fractional models of standard dynamical systems, in as meaningful a model as possible. It might happen that this pitfall comes from the feature that a function which is continuous everywhere, but is nowhere differentiable, exhibits random-like features.