A Framework to Evaluate Blockchain Interoperability Solutions

<div><div><br></div><div>Decentralized ledger technology (DLT), in particular blockchain, is becoming ubiquitous in today's society. Just in the second quarter of 2021, centralized and decentralized exchanges had a volume of around $600 billion. Enterprises are adopting this technology, following the opportunity to expand to new businesses. However, they need to connect their existing systems and processes to blockchains securely and reliably. Blockchain interoperability (BI) is emerging as one of the crucial features of blockchain technology. Fueled by the need to eliminate data and value silos, they realize the necessary bridge between centralized and decentralized systems.</div><div>As BI is still maturing, there are many unsolved challenges. In particular, it is still difficult for developers and practitioners to have control over processes spawning across several DLTs.</div><div>In this report, we focus on the problem of managing cross-chain state in an integrated manner. First, we introduce the concept of cross-chain logic/cross-chain rules. After that, we present and discuss the results of our BI survey. Finally, we propose the BI evaluation framework, the first step to systematically evaluate BI solutions.</div></div>

A Framework to Evaluate Blockchain Interoperability Solutions

<div><div><br></div><div>Decentralized ledger technology (DLT), in particular blockchain, is becoming ubiquitous in today's society. Just in the second quarter of 2021, centralized and decentralized exchanges had a volume of around $600 billion. Enterprises are adopting this technology, following the opportunity to expand to new businesses. However, they need to connect their existing systems and processes to blockchains securely and reliably. Blockchain interoperability (BI) is emerging as one of the crucial features of blockchain technology. Fueled by the need to eliminate data and value silos, they realize the necessary bridge between centralized and decentralized systems.</div><div>As BI is still maturing, there are many unsolved challenges. In particular, it is still difficult for developers and practitioners to have control over processes spawning across several DLTs.</div><div>In this report, we focus on the problem of managing cross-chain state in an integrated manner. First, we introduce the concept of cross-chain logic/cross-chain rules. After that, we present and discuss the results of our BI survey. Finally, we propose the BI evaluation framework, the first step to systematically evaluate BI solutions.</div></div>

A Framework to Evaluate Blockchain Interoperability Solutions

<div><div><br></div><div>Decentralized ledger technology (DLT), in particular blockchain, is becoming ubiquitous in today's society. Just in the second quarter of 2021, centralized and decentralized exchanges had a volume of around $600 billion. Enterprises are adopting this technology, following the opportunity to expand to new businesses. However, they need to connect their existing systems and processes to blockchains securely and reliably. Blockchain interoperability (BI) is emerging as one of the crucial features of blockchain technology. Fueled by the need to eliminate data and value silos, they realize the necessary bridge between centralized and decentralized systems.</div><div>As BI is still maturing, there are many unsolved challenges. In particular, it is still difficult for developers and practitioners to have control over processes spawning across several DLTs.</div><div>In this report, we focus on the problem of managing cross-chain state in an integrated manner. First, we introduce the concept of cross-chain logic/cross-chain rules. After that, we present and discuss the results of our BI survey. Finally, we propose the BI evaluation framework, the first step to systematically evaluate BI solutions.</div></div>

Simulation and Analysis of Grid Formation Method for UAV Clusters Based on the 3 × 3 Magic Square and the Chain Rules of Visual Reference

Large-scale unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) formations are vulnerable to disintegration under electromagnetic interference and fire attacks. To address this issue, this work proposed a distributed formation method of UAVs based on the 3 × 3 magic square and the chain rules of visual reference. Enlightened by the biomimetic idea of the plane formation of starling flocks, this method adopts the technical means of airborne vision and a cooperative target. The topological structure of the formation’s visual reference network showed high static stability under the measurement of the network connectivity index. In addition, the dynamic self-healing ability of this network was analyzed. Finally, a simulation of a battlefield using matlab showed that, when the loss of UAVs reaches 85% for formations with different scales, the UAVs breaking formation account for 5.1–6% of the total in the corresponding scale, and those keeping formation account for 54.4–65.7% of the total undestroyed fleets. The formation method designed in this paper can maintain the maximum number of UAVs in formation on the battlefield.

Riemann-Liouville Fractional Operators of Bicomplex Order and Its Properties.

In this paper, we construct the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral and differential operator of bicomplex order and illustrate some examples to calculate the fractional integration and differentiation of bicomplex order of some elementary functions. Also, we discuss some properties of these operators by proving analogues of the Leibniz and chain rules for these operators.

Fréchet vector subdifferential calculus

In this paper, we study Fréchet vector subdifferentials of vector-valued functions in normed spaces which reduceto the known ones of extended-real-valued functions. We establish relations between two kinds of Fréchet vectorsubdifferentials and between subdifferential and coderivative; some of them improve the existing relations forextended-real-valued functions. Finally, sum and chain rules among others for Fréchet subdifferentials of vector-valued functions are formulated and verified. Many examples are provided