Maurice

As a queer bildungsroman, Maurice has a particular way of managing the relation between the body and the soul. Forster's exploration of the queer relationship between body and soul took place at a time when there was a battle over the nature of the soul, often defensive against materialism: concepts of identity and selfhood were undergoing radical contestations and the word 'soul' is a resonant term in modernist novels. How did emerging discourses, such as those of Havelock Ellis, Edward Carpenter, and many others, about homosexual orientation relate to these contemporary discourses around the self? The chapter focuses on two passages about body and soul, whose textual genesis reveals problems of phrasing, as Forster’s unprecedented investigation of sexuality takes him to the edge of identity. It then examines how certain spaces, such as windows and thresholds, become symbolic zones of transgressive encounters between inner and outer, soul and body. It concludes by showing how Forster avoids drawing up any consistent ‘doctrine’ of body and soul. As a work of fiction in which different visions of the world come into conflict with each other, Maurice is a unique and vital witness of transforming discourses about homosexuality in the early twentieth century.

ASAXS Study on Spatial Distribution of Hydrophobic Compounds in Polymer Micelles

In drug delivery system (DDS) using polymer micelles as drug carrier, DDS properties are related to spatial distribution of drug compounds in the micelles [1]. Because the spatial distribution of drug compounds should strongly depend on interactions and solubility of drug compounds in the micelles, elucidation of the relation between chemical structures of drug compounds and their spatial distribution in the micelle is much important. Thus, in this study, we examine to elucidate the relation between chemical features and spatial distribution of drug compounds in polymer micelles by using anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS). To apply the ASAXS near bromine K-edge for analysis [2] of spatial distribution of drug compounds in polymer micelles, we employ 4 different bromine-labeled hydrophobic compounds as model drug compounds and polymer micelles composed of poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA-b-PMMA). Figure shows SAXS and resonant term obtained from ASAXS near bromine K-edge for the polymer micelles containing 9-bromofluorene (BrF). The domain size estimated from the resonant term is much smaller than that of hydrophobic PMMA core of the micelle. Therefore, When BrF, which is highly hydrophobic and scarcely dissolved in hydrophobic PMMA, is incorporated in the polymer micelle, BrF forms small droplet in the hydrophobic core composed of PMMA. For the micelles incorporating bromobenzene, which as similar properties of BrF, similar result is obtained. On the other hand, 4-bromobenzyl alcohol and ethyl 2-bromoethyl propionate, which are miscible with PMMA, are homogeneously dispersed in the PMMA core of the micelles. These results indicate that highly hydrophobic compounds forms small droplet in hydrophobic core, and introduction of polarity to the compounds causes expansion of the area existing the hydrophobic compounds in polymer micelle.

Raman Scattering in Mott-Hubbard Systems

We present a theory of Raman Scattering in the Hubbard model. The scattering of light has resonant and non-resonant contributions. The resonant term gives rise to scattering by spin degrees of freedom in the insulating case, for which we derive a general form of the effective scattering Hamiltonian. The later involves four terms with distinct symmetry properties, one of them being the “chiral” spin operator ∑ Si · (Sj×Sk). The corresponding four distinct correlation function can be measured directly in the experiments with different scattering geometries. The nonresonant term contributes to the scattering in the doped case and is shown to probe the fluctuations of the “stress tensor”. This quantity is not conserved and hence its fluctuations at small q inherent in optical experiments, need not be small, in striking contrast with the density fluctuation in usual metals.

WIDTHS OF HCl OVERTONE LINES AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES

In an effort to elucidate the roles of the various factors contributing to the self-broadening of molecular lines, width measurements have been made on the overtone band of HCl at several temperatures from 200° K (dry ice) up to 1283° K. The first 10 lines of the R-branch were chosen for study and the recorded data were subjected to treatment by the equivalent width method and by direct analysis of the transmission curve widths, peaks, and slopes.The general pressure broadening theory of Anderson as amplified by Tsao and Curnutte is readily adaptable to the conditions of the present investigation. Calculations based thereon and incorporating the resonant dipole interaction in combination with a non-resonant term which maintains a ("billiard ball") lower limit to the collision cross section at an intermolecular distance, r0, yield widths which generally agree well with the experimental data. The values of the billiard ball cross section ultimately chosen to give an adequate fit were r0 = 6.2, 6.0, 5.7, and 5.5 A corresponding to the temperatures 200, 300, 513, and 1283° K.