Analisis Faktor Sosiokognitif Terhadap Kepatuhan Bidan Dalam Penerapan Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) Deteksi Dini Pre Eklamsia (Di Kecamatan Kenjeran, Semampir, dan Tambaksari)

Latar Belakang: Pre eklamsia menjadi salah satu penyebab utama kematian ibu di Provinsi Jawa Timut dengan Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) Provinsi Jawa Timur pada tahun 2017 mencapai 91,92 per 100.000 kelahiran penduduk. Kota Surabaya tercatat memiliki 72,99 per 100.000 kelahiran penduduk dengan pre eklamsia menjadi salah satu penyebab tingginya Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI). Peran tenaga kesehatan diperlukan untuk menurunkan jumlah kematian ibu di Kota Surabaya.Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor sosiokognitif yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan bidan dalam penerapan SOP deteksi dini pre eklamsia di Kecamatan Kenjeran, Semampir, dan Tambaksari..Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan crossectional study dengan variabel independen yang terdiri dari individual constraint, intention, organizational constraint, social influence, exemplary behavior, dan facilitating organization serta kepatuhan bidan terhadap penerapan SOP deteksi dini pre eklamsia sebagai variabel dependen. Analisis hubungan penelitian menggunakan cross tabulation dan analisis data menggunakan analisis binary logistic regression.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel individual constraint dan exemplary behavior berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan penerapan SOP deteksi dini pre eklamsia. Variabel tersebut memiliki p-value α<0,05. Selain itu, 28,9% dari 38 bidan yang dipilih kepatuhannya memiliki kepatuhan rendah terhadap penerapan SOP deteksi dini pre eklamsia, sedangkan 71,1% lainnya memiliki tingkat kepatuhan tinggi.Kesimpulan: Faktor sosiokognitif yang berpengaruh dalam penerapan SOP deteksi dini pre eklamsia ialah individual constraint dan exemplary behavior. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya pembentukan tim pengendali mutu untuk memantau pelaksanaan SOP deteksi dini pre eklamsia agar ketidakpatuhan pada bidan tidak mengalami peningkatan.Kata kunci:deteksi dini pre eklamsia, faktor sosiokognitif, kepatuhan bidan.

Effect of Skill Level on Allocation of Visual Attention in Volleyball Blocking

Dynamic motor skills such as volleyball blocking rely on efficient perception–action coupling and are influenced by individual, environmental, and task constraints. However, limited research studies have assessed the effect of an individual constraint such as blocking skill on visual attention during an in-situ volleyball blocking task. Therefore, this study used a cross-sectional, observational design to investigate the gaze behavior of 18 male volleyball players (25.6 ± 4.9 years), of two different levels of blocking skill determined a priori according to success during an on-court blocking task. When compared to relatively unsuccessful players (RUS), the gaze of relatively successful players (RS) was observed to fixate more often (RUS: 0.7 ± 0.7 n, RS: 1.3 ± 0.3 n) and dwell for longer (Total; RUS: 12.2 ± 18.4%, RS: 48.0 ± 37.2%, Phase 4; RUS: 6.6 ± 8.8%, RS: 16.9 ± 12.4%) on the opposition spiker, demonstrating that important perceptual information about an opposing team’s attack lies within the behavior of the opposition spiker. More successful blockers were also observed to be taller (RUS: 181.8 ± 6.6 cm, RS: 192.6 ± 3.9 cm), longer in arm-span (RUS: 185.7 ± 5.6 cm, RS: 195.2 ± 5.6 cm), and heavier (RUS: 78.6 ± 11.4 kg, RS: 90.5 ± 8.5 kg). These results can consequently be used to develop a profile of the visual attention and physical attributes of successful blockers for use in developing talented players.

EFFECTS OF CONSTRAINTS ON STANDING BALANCE CONTROL OF A BIPED WITH TOE-JOINTS

The constraints between biped foot-links and the ground have significant effects on bipedal motion planning and control. In this paper, such effects on balancing control of a standing biped moving in the sagittal plane are investigated. The biped consists of two parts: an inverted pendulum representing the legs and the upper body, and a foot having a toe-link and a heel-link. The biped is regulated by two torques at the ankle-joint and the toe-joint to maintain the upper body at the upright position and the foot-links being stationary on the ground. Three constraints namely no lifting, no slipping and no rolling over about either the toe or the heel are considered. The satisfaction of the constraints imposes bounds to the control torques, which are crucial to design a control law and predict the type of falls if the constraints are violated. The control bounds caused by each individual constraint are calculated and the interaction between the constraints is also investigated. During the investigation of the control bounds, critical angular velocities are calculated above which the constraints are violated regardless of the control torques. The importance of the toe-joint torque in preventing rolling-over and effect of the toe-link length on standing balance control are also discussed in this work.

Counting-Based Search: Branching Heuristics for Constraint Satisfaction Problems

Designing a search heuristic for constraint programming that is reliable across problem domains has been an important research topic in recent years. This paper concentrates on one family of candidates: counting-based search. Such heuristics seek to make branching decisions that preserve most of the solutions by determining what proportion of solutions to each individual constraint agree with that decision. Whereas most generic search heuristics in constraint programming rely on local information at the level of the individual variable, our search heuristics are based on more global information at the constraint level. We design several algorithms that are used to count the number of solutions to specific families of constraints and propose some search heuristics exploiting such information. The experimental part of the paper considers eight problem domains ranging from well-established benchmark puzzles to rostering and sport scheduling. An initial empirical analysis identifies heuristic maxSD as a robust candidate among our proposals.eWe then evaluate the latter against the state of the art, including the latest generic search heuristics, restarts, and discrepancy-based tree traversals. Experimental results show that counting-based search generally outperforms other generic heuristics.

SPECIFIC CONSTRAINT HANDLING IN CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION PROBLEMS

Abundant literatures exist on consistency techniques for solving Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs). These literatures, however, focused mainly on finding efficient general techniques to achieve network consistency and to solve CSPs. So far, many techniques have been reported, e.g., node consistency, arc consistency, path consistency, k-consistency, forward checking, lookahead, partial lookahead, etc. Not enough attention has been given to individual constraints, and how constraint specific features may be exploited for more efficient consistency check. Many types of constraints exist in real problems, and each has its own features. These features may allow specific consistency techniques to be designed such that they are more efficient than the general algorithms. To analyze this issue, we divide a consistency algorithm into three parts: (1) activating constraints for check; (2) selecting the next constraint to be checked; and (3) checking the selected constraint. We will discuss how constraint specific features may influence each of these aspects and how special handling techniques may be designed to improve the efficiency. In order to allow these individual constraint handling techniques to be used, a new consistency algorithm is also proposed.