Vladivostok agglomeration: problems and options for its development

В территориальной организации Приморского края, сложившейся в прежних социально-экономических условиях, наблюдаются трансформации, которые значительно ускорились за годы подготовки г. Владивосток к саммиту стран Азиатско-Тихоокеанского экономического сотрудничества. Прирост инфраструктурного потенциала, возросшая мобильность населения, коренные изменения в экономической специализации, не снижающаяся острота демографических и экологических проблем – все это актуализирует задачу повышения эффективности социально-экономических связей между поселениями и, тем самым, улучшения жизни населения. Агломерационные связи г. Владивосток с его ближайшим окружением развивались не одно десятилетие, но события последних лет существенно активизируют взаимодействие и раздвигают границы агломерации. Влияние на развитие города оказывает новая роль, которую он играет теперь в международных отношениях Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона (АТР). При этом стало более заметным его отставание от наиболее развитых городов в этом макрорегионе мира. В этой связи ставится задача на долгосрочную перспективу – приступить к формированию на востоке России города мирового (глобального) значения, будущего мегаполиса за счет расширения состава агломерации, наделения его правами федерального округа, а также уточнения приоритетов экономического развития и усиления интеграционных связей в АТР. Важным фактором развития Владивостокской агломерации является его международное окружение. В качестве источника роста численности населения следует рассматривать в первую очередь граждан Российской Федерации, но необходимы усилия, чтобы обеспечить привлекательность этой территории для граждан других государств. Студенческую молодежь как России, так и близлежащих зарубежных стран следует рассматривать в качестве важного фактора, стабилизирующего демографическую ситуацию в регионе. The transformations of the territorial organization of Primorsky Krai, formed under the previous socio-economic conditions, and which have significantly accelerated during the years of preparations of Vladivostok for the APEC Summit, are observed. The increase in infrastructural potential, higher mobility of the population, fundamental changes in economic specialization, the continuing severity of demographic and environmental problems, all that sets a task of increasing the efficiency of socio-economic ties between settlements, and thereby improving the life of the population. The agglomeration ties of Vladivostok with its immediate surroundings have been developing for more than a decade, but the events of recent years significantly intensify interaction and push the boundaries of the agglomeration out. The city’s development is influenced now by its new role in the international relations of the Asia-Pacific region (APR). At the same time, its lag behind the most developed cities in this macro-region of the world has become more noticeable. In this regard, there is a long term task to begin the formation of a city of world (global) significance in the east of Russia, a future metropolis by expanding the current agglomeration, giving it the rights of a federal district, as well as clarifying the priorities of economic development and strengthening integration ties in the APR. The international environment close to Vladivostok is an important factor in the development of the city agglomeration. Citizens of the Russian Federation should be considered as the main source of population growth, but efforts are needed to ensure the attractiveness of this territory for citizens from other states. Student youth both in Russia and nearby foreign countries should be regarded as an important factor stabilizing the demographic situation in the region.

Marijuana use among college students and attitudes towards legalization

Marijuana use is a prevalent behavior among college students. As marijuana is legalized in some US states, student attitudes towards marijuana use may be changing towards use and legalization. The purpose of the present study is to examine the extent of marijuana use among college students and investigate student attitudes towards use legalization. A questionnaire was developed by the research team to measure study aims. Students completed the questionnaire in classrooms. A total of 291 students completed the survey. Results indicated that greater than half (55.7%) smoked marijuana in their lifetime. Almost half (42.1%) of students agreed or strongly agreed that marijuana should be legal. Differences in attitudes toward use and legalization were found based on lifetime marijuana use. Based on study find-ings, a high percentage of students used marijuana. College health professionals may benefit from study findings as results can be used in prevention and intervention efforts.

Action Graphs for Goal Recognition Problems with Inaccurate Initial States (Student Abstract)

Goal recognisers attempt to infer an agent's intentions from a sequence of observations. Approaches that adapt classical planning techniques to goal recognition have previously been proposed but, generally, they assume the initial world state is accurately defined. In this paper, a state is inaccurate if any fluent's value is unknown or incorrect. To cope with this, a cyclic Action Graph, which models the order constraints between actions, is traversed to label each node with their distance from each hypothesis goal. These distances are used to calculate the posterior goal probabilities. Our experimental results, for 15 different domains, demonstrate that our approach is unaffected by an inaccurately defined initial state.