Molecular analysis of the β-polymorphic form of trielaidin: crystal structure at low temperature

This work reports on the structure of trielaidin [EEE, 1,2,3-tri(trans-9-octadecenoyl)glycerol], a trans unsaturated triglyceride present in many refined fatty materials (margarines, chocolate products etc.). Firstly, the polymorphism, i.e. the existence of different crystalline forms at various temperature ranges, was defined. Secondly, the crystal growth was examined. By developing a particular growing system, monocrystals of the most stable polymorphic form, i.e. the β-form, were obtained. To reduce thermal vibrations the X-ray data were collected at low temperature (173 K) and the structure was solved using direct methods. The structure was then analyzed in terms of conformation and crystal packing and compared with those of the other known triglycerides.

Chemical Investigation of the Lichen Species Alectoria ochroleuca, Stereocaulon vesuvianum var. pulvinatum and Icmadophila ericetorum

Lichens, Lipids, Phenols The three lichen species Alectoria ochroleuca, Stereocaulon vesuvianum var. pulvinatum and Icmadophila ericetorum have been chemically investigated with regard to their content of aliphatic and aromatic compounds. Tetrahydroxy fatty acids were isolated in all three species. A mono-acetylated pentol, higher fatty acids and an unsaturated triglyceride were detected as new con­ stituents of A. ochroleuca and I. ericetorum. S. vesuvianum and I. ericetorum both contained phenolic components which not previously have been discussed in literature. Chemical and spectro­ scopic evidences are presented in these studies.

Soaking of complete fattening rations high in poor roughage. 4. The effect on deposition and fatty acid composition of bovine fat

SUMMARYThe effects of diets containing variable percentages of roughage and moisture on depot fats were studied. Treatments were 25 and 45% roughage in the complete fattening diet, and 10, 50 and 75% moisture content of the diets. Depot fats collected post-slaughter from kidney, pelvic, ruminal, cod and trim fats in the carcass (mostly subcutaneous and some intermuscular) were weighed and analysed for their fatty acid composition.Increasing the quantity of roughage in the diet (from 25 to 45%) significantly decreased ruminal fat deposition. Moistening the feed significantly increased the deposition of kidney, pelvic and cod fat, and significantly reduced the deposition of fat trim in the carcass. The content of unsaturated triglyceride fatty acids was significantly greater in calves fed on the 25% roughage diet. Calves fed on the soaked diets had significantly higher contents of unsaturated fatty acids than the controls.The content of unsaturated acids was greater in cod fat and carcass trim than in kidney, pelvic or ruminal fat.Hydrogenation in vitro of fatty acids by ruminal micro-organisms decreased with increasing level of moisture in the diet.It is suggested that the increased unsaturated fatty acid content of the depot fats of animals fed on soaked diets might be due to a reduction in the hydrogenation of dietary lipid by rumen micro-organisms.