Development of the model and the method for determining the influence of the temperature of gunpowder gases in the gun barrel for explaining visualize of free carbon at shot

A phenomenon that is present in almost every shot is highlighted. It manifests itself in the muzzle discharge as a certain amount of free carbon. The thermochemical reaction of Boudouard-Bell (disproportionation of carbon monoxide) was determined, which explains the formation of free carbon in the gunpowder gases during the firing process. A feature of this reaction is the formation of a condensed phase of carbon during the firing process after the gasification of the gunpowder charge. The reason is revealed that does not allow describing the formation of free carbon during firing on the basis of existing models of internal ballistics processes. It is the lack of taking into account the temperature distribution of the gunpowder gases along the length of the gun barrel and its change. A mathematical model is proposed that makes it possible to estimate the temperature distribution during the shot. A method has been developed for solving the problem of internal ballistics with the ability to determine the temperature of gunpowder gases along the length of the gun barrel at different times and at different positions of the projectile in the barrel. The original model is built using generally accepted assumptions. Modeling results can only be estimated. For this reason, the method is based on simple calculations, which makes it possible not to involve high-power computing equipment. The modeling of the temperature distribution of gunpowder gases in the space of the gun barrel between the charging ball and the moving projectile in the model system is carried out. The possibility of changing the length of the zone of the Boudouard-Bell reaction (the zone of formation of free carbon) depending on the initial data is shown. The use of a fresh gunpowder charge and a degraded one is simulated. Full and reduced charges are considered. The simulation results showed the reason for the possibility of initiating a secondary muzzle discharge flash both from the front side and from the side of the muzzle brake.

The influence of migration processes in gunpowder charge on the quality of mortar ammunition

The study describes the results of static, physicochemical and ballistic examination of double-based gunpowder charges, in order to establish the deviations from the demanded quality of mortar ammunition. The examinations were carried out on gunpowder samples used for laboration of mortar shells 60, 82 and 120 mm caliber and consisted of periodical measurements of the gunpowder mass loss, basic ballistic parameters, and compatibility testing of gunpowder and celluloid containers as well as chemical stability determination. The estimation of the gunpowder quality was performed by comparative analysis and the suggestions for more efficient production of it were given.

Dynamics of Shock Waves in the Cylindrical Channel With Confusers

Current work covers experimental and theoretical investigation of conic confusers impact on the intensity shock wave, generated in the shock tube by explosion of gunpowder charge. For given conditions optimal geometric characteristics of the confuser, providing maximal pressure in the shock wave front, were found experimentally. The mathematical model was developed and numerical simulation of the axisymmetric shock-wave gas flow in the channel was carried out. Experimentally was shown, that the application of the optimal confuser provides significant increase of the efficiency gasdynamic effect on the combustion of forest combustible materials.