Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Bleeding from the lower part of the digestive system that appears as hematochezia (fresh blood, clot or cherry-coloured stool) or melena (dark-coloured tarry stool) is called lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding (lower GI bleeding) (or colonic bleeding). In the traditional definition, lower GI bleeding was generally classified as bleeding distal to the Treitz ligament (duodenojejunal junction) as the border. In the last decade, GI bleeding has adopted three categories in some recent publications: Upper, middle, and lower. According to this category, bleeding from a source between the Treitz ligament and the ileocecal valve is classified as middle GI bleeding, bleeding from the distal of the ileocecal valve is classified lower GI bleeding. Lower GI bleeding and hospitalization rates increase with ageing. Currently, physicians managing lower GI bleeding have many different diagnostics and therapeutic options ranging from colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy to radiographic interventions such as scintigraphy or angiography. Lower GI bleeding often stops spontaneously and less common than upper GI bleeding. Even though no modality has emerged as the gold standard in the treatment of lower GI bleeding, colonoscopy has several advantages and is generally considered as the preferred initial test in most of the cases.

Haemorrhagic ileal haemolymphangioma: a case report and review of the literature

We describe herein a 37-year-old woman with a 2-week history of melena who was eventually diagnosed with ileal haemolymphangioma, a rare benign tumour. Local mucosal congestion and swelling were found through single-balloon enteroscopy, which showed an irregular protuberance approximately 10 cm long, located 3.2 m from the Treitz ligament. We performed a laparoscopic-assisted partial resection of the small intestine combined with intestinal adhesiolysis. According to postoperative pathology, the final diagnosis was ileal haemolymphangioma with haemorrhage.

Случай дистальной резекции поджелудочной железы совместно со спленэктомией при оперативном вмешательстве по поводу прорастающей в поджелудочную железу опухоли поперечной ободочной кишки

The article presents a case of successful distal resection of the pancreas together with splenectomy during surgery for a tumor of the transverse colon growing into the pancreas in an elderly patient. The main complications after pancreatic surgery are postoperative pancreatic fistulas, in which there is a risk of septic complications, arrosive bleeding, increased length of stay of patients in hospital and increased mortality [1, 12]. The novelty of the proposed invention, lies in the fact that: pancreatojejunoanastomosis is formed at a distance of 30 cm from the Treitz ligament, then enteroenteroanastomosis is formed between the adducting and diverting loops of the small intestine in the type of side – to-side two rows of sutures, the length of the anastomosis is 4 cm, at a distance of 50 cm from the Treitz ligament, to improve the passage of intestinal chime [2]. This method can be implemented in the practice of surgical hospitals.

A CLINICAL OBSERVATION OF THE COMBINATION OF OMPHALOCELE WITH ATRESIA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE OF TYPE 3A IN A NEWBORN

The authors present a clinical case of an extremely rare combination of the congenital defect of the front abdominal wall as omphalocele, congenital evolution defect of the small intestine - atresia of the small intestine type III, agenesis of the ileum with ileocecal angle and malrotation syndrome. Surgical treatment was as follows: T-shaped ileocolic «end-to-side» anastomosis with an unloading colostomy by the Bishop-Koop technique and intestinal intubaton till the Treitz ligament. Outcomes of such surgical correction are good.

A MODIFIED TECHNIQUE FOR SURGICAL REMOVAL OF THE CONGENITAL DUODENAL OBSTRUCTION

Purpose. To improve the duodenum function after Kimura surgery which is performed for the congenital duodenal obstruction by restoring the horseshoe-shaped duodenum. Material and methods. A comparative analysis of two groups of patients was made: In Group 1 (n = 31) , patients were operated with the mobilization of lower horizontal duodenal branch and duodenoduodenal anastomosis by Kimura without restoring the horseshoe-shape of the duodenum. In Group 2 (n = 11), children had similar surgeries but the horseshoe-shaped configuration of the duodenum was restored by fixing the initial part of the jejunum to the Treitz ligament. After surgery, the researchers radiographically compared time of barium suspension passage through the duodenum in patients of both groups. Results. In children from Group 1, passage of the contrast suspension via duodenum lasted for 43.9 ± 3.9 sec., what is approximately 2 times faster than in the norm. In patients from Group 2, this indicator was 3-4 times larger than in patients from Group 1 and was 158.2 ± 18.2 sec. Such a slowdown in the chyme passage along the duodenum prolongs exposure of food masses to pancreatic juice, bile and intestinal juice and, consequently, improves the duodenal function. Conclusion. The authors recommend to end the surgical intervention for eliminating congenital duodenal obstruction by Kimura technique with the restoration of horseshoe-shaped duodenum by fixing the initial part of the jejunum to the Treitz ligament.

Jejunal MALT (Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue) Lymphoma: A Case Report

Background: MALT (Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue) Lymphoma is an uncommon condition. It is an involvement of extranodal site in hematologic malignancy, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.Case Presentation: Pondok Indah, Puri Indah Hospital Jakarta treated a 38-year-old female with acute abdomen due to jejunal MALT Lymphoma perforation, one meter from treitz ligament. Emergency laparotomy was performed, the patient had a resection and end to end anastomose. She was hospitalized in intensive care unit for 4 days after the surgery and died because of prolonged septic shock.Conclusions: MALT lymphoma is an uncommon condition which is often encountered in emergency conditions due to acute abdominal pain caused by intra-abdominal perforation of the hollow viscus. Late diagnosis and treatment may cause severe outcome such as perforation and hypovolemic shock. This case report is expected to provide insight and to increase the awareness of the incidence of jejunal MALT lymphoma in Indonesia.

Jejunal Serrated Adenoma Diagnosed and Treated by Double-Balloon Enteroscopy

Serrated polyps are most commonly located in the colorectum and have been well recognized as an important precursor lesion for colorectal cancer. Serrated adenoma in the small intestine has been reported more rarely but may represent a distinct morphological and biological subtype with malignant potential. Here, we present the case of a 65-year-old female who underwent double-balloon enteroscopy due to obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. A polyp sized 3.5 × 2.0 cm with a long pedicle in the jejunum, located 50 cm distal to the Treitz ligament, was detected. Endoscopic mucosal resection was done. The pathological results revealed a traditional serrated adenoma sized 3.5 × 2.2 cm.