REMOTE SENSING OF CITY. DIGITAL DATABASES FOR ARCHITECTURE

The study proposes advanced analyses of the monastic citiy of the western coastal area of the Athos Peninsula in Greece. This research is the result of architectural and environmental survey campaigns conducted since July 2020.The current bibliographic documentation is limited, and most of the volumes focus on an art and historical description of the paintings in the monasteries, as well as on visitors’ travel notes.Through the consolidated phases of the discipline of representation, such as digital surveying, point clouds and the processing of flat surfaces, a journey of knowledge of the third arm of the Chalkidiki peninsula is proposed with regard to the religious architecture considered as micro-cities.The initial part of the research was developed with photographic documentation from the sea, while in subsequent survey phase of the monasteries on the west coast was carried out.The instrumental survey activities, carried out with the help of quadrihelix drones and terrestrial photogrammetry, concerned the Monastery of St. Dionysius, the Monastery of Xeropotmus, the Monastery of Zographos, the Monastery of Dochiario, the Monastery of Simonpetra, the Monastery of St. Paul, the Monastery of Xenophon, the Monastery of St. Gregory, the Monastery of St. Pantaleimon and the Monastery of Konstamonitou.The research aims to expose, for the first time, the unpublished instrumental surveys carried out in the Athos community, which has been averse to the access of tourists and curious people for centuries.

Affective Contagion: How Attitudes Expressed by Others Influence Our Perception of Actions

Vitality forms represent a fundamental aspect of social interactions by characterizing how actions are performed and how words are pronounced on the basis of the attitude of the agent. Same action, such as a handshake, may have a different impact on the receiver when it is performed kindly or vigorously, and similarly, a gentle or rude tone of voice may have a different impact on the listener. In the present study, we carried out two experiments that aimed to investigate whether and how vocal requests conveying different vitality forms can influence the perception of goal-directed actions and to measure the duration of this effect over time. More specifically, participants were asked to listen to the voice of an actor pronouncing “give me” in a rude or gentle way. Then, they were asked to observe the initial part of a rude or a gentle passing action, continue it mentally, and estimate the time of its completion. Results showed that the perception of different vitality forms expressed by vocal requests influenced the estimation of action duration. Moreover, we found that this effect was limited to a certain time interval (800 ms), after which it started to decay.

Fraternidade: uma noção universal?

A Encíclica Fratelli Tutti, centrada na noção de fraternidade, vai dirigida a toda a humanidade, como se depreende de sua leitura. Entretanto, esta noção básica tem raízes judaico-cristãs. Como ficam as demais religiões? Daí a questão do título. Numa parte inicial se examina a relação da religião com seu contexto sociocultural; em seguida se apresenta a atuação do Espírito Santo como fator universalizante da fé cristã, embora sua ação seja diversamente captada e expressa. Numa terceira parte se estuda a gênese histórica do conceito de fraternidade, sua compreensão por parte da fé cristã e a dificuldade de exportá-la para outras tradições religiosas. Contudo, numa parte final, por serem as religiões entidades porosas que se influenciam mutuamente, a noção de fraternidade pode ser acolhida, embora sofrendo certa limitação em seu sentido. Por isso mesmo, no final, propomos a noção mais geral de dignidade humana, fundamental numa época em que o ser humano é sacrificado ao lucro e à produtividade. Abstract: The Encyclical Fratelli Tutti, centered on the notion of fraternity, is directed to the whole of mankind, as we can infer by reading the text. However this basic notion has Judeo-Christian roots. How do the other religions stand in this case? Therefore the question contained in the title. In an initial part the relationship between religion and its sociocultural context is examined; next, the acting of the Holy Ghost as a universalizing factor of the Christian faith is examined, although its action may be expressed and received in different ways. In a third part the historical genesis of the concept of fraternity is studied, including its understanding on the part of the Christian faith and the difficulty to export it to other religious traditions. However, in a final part, because religions are porous entities that mutually influence each other, the notion of fraternity may be accepted even if after undergoing a certain limitation in its sense. For this very reason, at the end, we propose a more general notion of human dignity, fundamental at a time when the human being is sacrificed to profit and productivity.

Slovak Language Teaching in Italy in the Context of Slovak-Italian Cultural Relationships

The initial part of the paper describes the history of Slovak language and culture teaching in Italy, namely, Slovak lectorates at University of Naples L´Orientale, University of Rome Sapienza, and University of Bologna in Forlì. The central part of the paper discusses the foundation, development and activities of the most recent lectorate, founded in 2006, and currently affiliated with the Department of Interpreting and Translating at University of Bologna in Forlì. The paper mentions the circumstances related to the foundation of the lectorate, especially the message of Alexander Dubček (1921 – 1992) upon whom University of Bologna conferred the honorary doctorate in 1988. The paper discusses various activities of the lectorate (language teaching, research and publishing, promoting Slovakia and Slovak culture). It mentions the collaboration with Slovak and Italian institutions, including the Embassy of Slovak Republic in Rome, Slovak Institute in Rome and Honorary Consulate of Slovak Republic in Forlì. The final part of the paper mentions the current situation and perspectives of Slovak studies in Italy.

Myślenie krytyczne w ujęciu psychopedagogicznym — w kierunku poznawczej samodzielności i odpowiedzialności jednostki

Critical thinking in terms of psycho‐pedagogy: towards individual cognitive independence and responsibility: The paper is devoted to the methods of recognition and development of critical thinking. In the initial part synthetically are presented the views of researchers connected with an education perspective (the definition and features of critical thinking). Within this aspect crucial appears the question: why are we afraid of criticism? What are the reasons why we do not apply it in contact with the cultural message, with the opinions and actions of people? For relatively seldom is it used as a support in discussion, in making decisions and choices. In an attempt to answer such formulated problems presented is an outline of the author’s classification for inhibitors that prevent or hinder the application of critical thinking. Here the main claim is that in the modern world of news excess and the chaos of values, critical thinking as a manifestation of cognitive self‐reliance and responsibility should become the competence characterizing each individual. Hence, the author formulates some recommendations concerning pedagogical practice. They are implied from the author’s concept of constructive criticism, the adopted the principles and methods supporting critical thinking.

EXPRESS: Observer’s body posture affects processing of other humans’ actions

Action observation triggers by default a mental simulation of action unfolding in time. We assumed that this simulation is “embodied”: the body is the medium through which observer’s sensorimotor modalities simulate the observed action. The participants in two experiments observed videos, each depicting the central part of an action performed by an actress on an object (e.g., answering the phone) and soon after each video they observed a photo portraying a state of the action not observed in the video, either depicting the initial part or the final part of the whole action. Their task was to evaluate whether the photo portrayed something before (backward photo) or after the action in the video (forward photo). Results showed that evaluation of forward photos was faster than evaluation of backward photos (Experiment 1). Crucially, participants’ body posture modulated this effect: keeping the hands crossed behind the back interfered with forward simulations (Experiment 2). These results speak about the role of the observer’s body posture in processing other people’s actions.

German wie-complements

In German, complement clauses embedded by the wh-wordwie(‘how’) have two different readings. The first is a manner reading expressing a manner or method of doing something. The second is calledeventivein this paper because it expresses an event in progress instead of a manner. Ruling out ambiguity ofwie, the question arises of why a manner word is used to express an event in progress. The basic semantic hypothesis in this paper is thatwieexpresses similarity (as it does in, e.g., similes). The paper starts from the observation that in the manner readingwiehas a base position next to the verb and is a modifier of the event type whereas in the eventive reading it is base-generated above VP and thus adds information about the event token. The analysis includes two components: First, manners are considered as sets of similar events (instead of primitive objects), and methods, in particular, are considered as sets of similar sequences of subevents. Secondly, events in progress are seen as initial sequences in sets of similar natural continuations. From this point of view, an event in progress is like a method comprising sequences of subevents that share the same initial part. This analysis provides a semantic interpretation explaining why the wh-wordwieexpresses both the regular manner reading and the eventive reading depending on whether it modifies the event type or the event token.

Pengharapan Baru: Menginterpretasi Ulangan 1:1-8 dengan Pendekatan Kanonis Brevard S. Childs

This paper is an attempt to find out the canonical meaning of the insertion of the text of Deuteronomy 1: 1-8 in the overall framework of Deuteronomy. The method used in this research is canonical hermeneutics developed by Brevard S. Childs, this approach enables the interpreter to see the intent of the editor of the Scriptures in the preparation of text sequences in such a way as to the perspective of the final canon. The canonical analysis shows that Deuteronomy 1: 1-8 is the initial part of the minor form (chapters 1-4) that is deliberately inserted and placed at the front as a close link to the previous book (even the first four books of the holy book) and is both an introduction and legitimacy of authority Deuteronomy even for the whole Deuteronomic History. This text comes from the editor of the exile and gives a message of new hope for the exiled Israeli community.This paper is an attempt to find out the canonical meaning of the insertion of the text of Deuteronomy 1: 1-8 in the overall framework of Deuteronomy. The method used in this research is canonical hermeneutics developed by Brevard S. Childs, this approach enables the interpreter to see the intent of the editor of the Scriptures in the preparation of text sequences in such a way as to the perspective of the final canon. The canonical analysis shows that Deuteronomy 1: 1-8 is the initial part of the minor form (chapters 1-4) that is deliberately inserted and placed at the front as a close link to the previous book (even the first four books of the holy book) and is both an introduction and legitimacy of authority Deuteronomy even for the whole Deuteronomic History. This text comes from the editor of the exile and gives a message of new hope for the exiled Israeli community.

Заметки о дантовских подтекстах и параллелях в русской литературе первой половины XX века [Some Notes on Datean Quotations and Allusions in Russian Literature of the First Half of the 20th Century]

This is the initial part of a larger project consisting of several separate papers. This particular paper has two parts. 1. “No Crumbs on the Table-Cloth” (a line of Pasternak’s poem) claims that a crumb motive in an early version of the poem by Boris Pasternak “Piry” (1913) reflects the initial paragraph of Dante’s Convivio with its bread metaphor (Conv. I.i.7, 10–11). Some other examples of similar echoes are quoted. 2. “The Motherland’s Shoulders” discusses the metaphor shoulders of a mountain, which can be found in a couplet by Koncheyev—a fictional poet from Vladimir Nabokov’s Dar (The Gift, 1936—37 / 1952). This metaphor was previously treated as a quote from Mandelstam’s poem “Zverinets” (1915), but here both cases (and, probably, some additional examples) are seen to go back to the same metaphor in Inf. I, 16 (where it means summit rather than mountainside) and numerous translations of Inferno into English. Keywords: 20th-Century Russian Literature, Boris Pasternak (1890—1960), “Piry” (1913 / 1928), Vladimir Nabokov (1899—1977), Dar (1936—37 / 1952), Dante Alighieri (c. 1265—1321), Allusion, In memoriam: Larisa Georgievna Stepanova (1941—2009).

The true date of Meton’s observation of the summer solstice

The date assigned to Meton’s highly reputed observation of the summer solstice in the Almagest implies June 27, 432 BC. Since the solstice took actually place a day later, such an inaccuracy presents a puzzle. It can be demonstrated, however, that Meton’s observation was in fact accurate, for he made it on June 28, 433 BC. This follows from adequate interpretation of chronological indications in Thucydides and finds support in various data of the ancient sources. The mistaken date arose, and was maintained, because of the misleading assumption according to which the Athenian archon year invariably began after the summer solstice. It was wrongly decided that Meton had observed the summer solstice at the end of the year of the archon Apseudes and not at its initial part. The true date of Meton’s solstice presents in new light the observation of the summer solstice by Aristarchus of Samos, Eudoxus’ preoccupation with the octaeteris and early Greek astronomy in general. The beginning of the Peloponnesian War is now firmly established at early April (almost certainly, April 6), 431 BC.