Fine Dust Concentration РМ10 in the Atmosphere of the City of Kabul, Afghanistan, in Spring Months

This research work investigates the problem of air pollution with fine dust РМ10using the city of Kabul as an example. Data from environmental pollution monitoring data during the transition period of March, April and May has been analyzed. The calculation model for РМ10is obtained depending on three factors: wind speed, humidity and air temperature. The dust concentration was described using the theory of stationary random functions. For the maximum daily concentration of РМ10in Kabul, estimates of the parameters of the distribution functions were determined, a density function and an integrated distribution function were obtained as well. It is shown that, according to Chi-square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov criteria, the best distribution law of maximum daily concentration of dust is the normal law.

On the Calculation Model of Fine Dispersed Dust Pollution of Kabul's Atmosphere for Ventilation Design

The paper presents the results of the assessment of atmospheric air pollution with fine dust РМ10studies in the city of Kabul.The investigation was based on concentration of fine dust РМ10measurements that were conducted by the national agency on ecology and environmental protection of Afghanistan and by Russian researchers in summer and autumn of 2015. It is shown that, according to the Chi-square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov criteria, the best law for the distribution of the maximum daily dust concentration is the logarithmic normal law. For the maximum daily concentration (РМ10) a density function and an integrated distribution function have been summarized. A mathematical model of the concentration of fine dust (РМ10) dependence of three factors: wind speed, humidity and temperature have been obtained. On the basis of F–Fisher criterion the quadratic model has been chosen for June and August, and the linear model has been chosen for July, September, October and November.

Tests of Fit for the Logarithmic Distribution

Smooth tests for the logarithmic distribution are compared with three tests: the first is a test due to Epps and is based on a probability generating function, the second is the Anderson-Darling test, and the third is due to Klar and is based on the empirical integrated distribution function. These tests all have substantially better power than the traditional Pearson-Fisher X2 test of fit for the logarithmic. These traditional chi-squared tests are the only logarithmic tests of fit commonly applied by ecologists and other scientists.

On the distribution of visual double stars

An integrated distribution function is derived for visual double stars according to the magnitude difference ?m between the components. For this purpose the author uses a sample of 1626 double stars with ?m ? [0m ? 4m]. The increment of the descriptive distribution function for an arbitrary increment of the variable ?m is also determined.

INCLUSION OF FLOW TERMS IN THE CARTESIAN TENSOR EXPANSION OF THE BOLTZMANN EQUATION

The Cartesian tensor expansion of Boltzmann's equation as given by Johnston (1960) is extended to include terms denoting gradients in flow velocity. The expansion is performed in intrinsic velocity space. The gradient velocity terms yield a linear contribution to the tensor (f2) part of the angle-integrated distribution function from which the zero-trace pressure tensor is calculable. It is shown that the standard moment equations are obtained by further integration over the magnitude of velocity. For the case of a completely ionized gas, collisional terms are inserted appropriately.