A sequential hybrid method to establish practical sizing systems based on anthropometric data

PurposeSize fit and economic efficiency are two crucial aspects that need to be considered in designing a sizing system. However, there could exist a trade-off between those aspects in order to establish a practical sizing system. The purpose of this paper is to develop a sequential hybrid method of grid and optimization to generate a practical sizing system using anthropometric data.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed sequential hybrid method consisted of two sequential steps, which employs grid method and optimization method. In the initial step, the grid method creates primary grids that accommodate a designated percentage (e.g. 90%) of users with best size fit. In the subsequent step, the optimization method generated additional grids to provide acceptable fit, with minimum fit penalty scores for users unaccommodated by the primary grids. Our method was applied to the development of a sizing system for men's military jackets. The proposed method performances were evaluated in terms of accommodation percentage, size fit and number of sizing categories.FindingsOur proposed method resulted in 26 primary grids during the initial step, which cover 90% of users. Next, we generated six additional grids during the subsequent step that provide minimum fit penalty scores for the rest (10%) users.Originality/valueThe main contributions of this paper are as follows: consider accommodation percentage, size fit and number of sizing categories in the design of sizing system; combine the grid and optimization methods and evaluate a sizing system for men's military jackets. The proposed method is applicable to develop optimal sizing systems for multiple-size products.

Comparison and Evaluation of Sizing Systems Used in Commercial Women’s Compression Sportswear

Currently, there is no published research evaluating sizing methodologies for commercial sports compression garments (SCGs), so this study addresses the research gap by analysing sizing systems used for women-specific SCGs. Firstly, fit trials with whole-body SCGs were conducted with 33 active females. Secondly, the upper and lower body size charts of 12 SCG brands were analysed. Thirdly, the fitness of the size charts for the sample was assessed. Findings of the fit trials indicated that the fit of the SCGs varied from the intended fit in most participants at certain body locations, which is problematic for consistent pressure delivery. New sizing approaches are needed for SCGs, as fit requirements differ from conventional clothing, and current approaches appear to be inappropriate. The inclusion of a limb circumference measurement as a key dimension could be beneficial due to the interrelation of fabric tension and limb girth in pressure delivery (Laplace’s Law).

A novel optimization approach to minimize aggregate-fit-loss for improved breast sizing

Ready-to-wear clothing is typically based on the body-shape of human fit models that an apparel company hires. The body-shape difference between a consumer and the fit model of their size results in fit-loss of a certain degree. Aggregate-fit-loss is a concept attempting to quantify and estimate the accumulative fit-loss that a population may encounter. This paper reports on a novel method that minimizes the aggregate-fit-loss of a sizing system for bras, through shape categorization and optimized selection of prototypes (which can be regarded as the most appropriate fit models, or standard dress forms) for the categorized groups. A fit-loss function was introduced that calculates the dissimilarity between any two three-dimensional body scans, via pointwise comparisons of the point-to-origin distances of 9000 points on the scan surface. The within-group aggregate-fit-loss is minimized by an algorithm that returns the optimal prototype for the group. The overall aggregate-fit-loss is reduced by breast shape categorization based on the dissimilarities between the scans. Finally, the constraint of band sizes was brought into the categorization to provide a more feasible solution for improved bra sizing. The findings of this study can also contribute to the optimization of sizing systems for other apparel products.

Developing elderly men’s footwear sizing system based on their foot shapes

The purpose of this study was to develop a shoe sizing system for elderly men in Korea based on previous studies which analyzed aspects and shapes of the sole of those who aged 60 years or more. The sizing system creation process included natural log-transformation, principle component analysis, multivariate linear regression, size range determination, and measurements calculation. Measurement interval was set up based on Korea standard (KS). Cross analysis was conducted for basic items to select an interval which indicated frequency of more than 5% by type. A measurement system was then established by type. As results of this study, a shoe sizing system was developed with an interval of 5 mm for foot length, an interval of 3 mm for the circumference of the top of the foot, and an interval of 6 mm for the circumference of the top of the foot within the same foot length standard. To reflect characteristics by type, respective shoe sizing systems in accordance with type were developed. 12 types of shoe sizing systems were suggested for elderly men. Our results indicate that shoe sizing system for elderly men by foot type could improve the suitability of shoes. They could give wider range of shoe sizes and high satisfaction. They can help shoe makers produce shoes with various purposes and functions for seniors.

Analysis of 3-D body measurements to determine trousers sizes of military combat clothing

The aim of this paper was to analyse several measurements of soldiers to provide a reference for trousers sizes of military combat clothing. For sizing and fitting of military clothing, information on the body measurements of the user population is a precondition. More than 400 soldiers in the Estonian and Latvian Defence Forces as well as the military personnel were measured using Human Solution 3-D scanner. It focused on collating basic human body measurement data for the revision of size charts by STANAG 2335. Fit and comfort of trousers mainly relate to the following measurements: waist girth, leg inseam, leg length, and waistband. Present parameters play a significant role in the quality of trousers to ensure the wearer’s mobility in all situations particularly concerning the activities of soldiers. Correlating measurements and existing sizing systems are made to offer recommendations for manufacturers. In addition, this paper helps to provide sizing and fitting criteria of military combat clothing to STANREC document compiled by NATO RTO HFM-266 Group.