Non Pharmacological Therapy in Case Study Obstacles to Physical Mobility Post Sectio Caesaria

Sectio Caesarea surgery causes pain and results in changes in tissue continuity due to surgery, earlymobilization can support the patient's wound healing process because moving the limbs will preventthe stiffness of muscles and joints, reducing pain and can accelerate blood circulation to parts thathave injuries that wound healing processes become faster. This study was to explore nursing care inpostoperative Sectio Caesarea with problems with physical mobility barriers through lavenderaromatherapy in the Teratai Room RSUD dr. Hayato Lumajang. Qualitative descriptively throughcase studies. The population in this study was postoperative mothers with Sectio Caesarea in theLotus Room at RSUD Dr. Haryoto, Lumajang Regency, with a total of 10 patients in June 2020. Theuse of aromatherapy dripped onto an oxygen mask for 3 minutes, after 3 hours of analgesicadministration. Both the inhalation method with an oxygen mask and directly inhaled prove thatlavender essential oil aromatherapy can reduce the pain scale of post-section Caesarea. Thisresearch is expected with this case study report to increase knowledge and insight in applying topatients and patients families about postoperative Sectio Caesarea in the implementation of earlymobilization, as well as innovations in giving lavender aromatherapy, can also be done to post SectioCaesarea patients. And it can be used as a new experience and information to reduce pain witharomatherapy.

Investigation of the optimal method of oxygen administration with simultaneous use of a surgical mask: a randomized control study

Purpose From the perspective of infection prevention during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a recommendation was made to use surgical masks after extubation in patients in the operating room. For compliance with this recommendation, anesthesiologists need to administer oxygen to the patient with an oxygen mask over the surgical mask. However, no studies have investigated whether this method allows good maintenance of oxygenation in patients. This study aimed to investigate which method of oxygen administration lends itself best to use with a surgical mask in terms of oxygenation. Method We administered oxygen to the study subjects using all the following three methods in random order: an oxygen mask over or under a surgical mask and a nasal cannula under the surgical mask. Oxygenation was assessed using the oxygen reserve index (ORi) and end-tidal oxygen concentration (EtO2). Result This study included 24 healthy volunteers. ORi values with administration of oxygen were higher in the order of a nasal cannula under the surgical mask, an oxygen mask under the surgical mask, and an oxygen mask over the surgical mask, with median values of 0.50, 0.48, and 0.43, respectively, and statistically significant differences between all groups (P < 0.001). EtO2 values were in the same order as ORi, with median values of 33.0%, 31.0%, and 25%, respectively, and statistically significant differences between all groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion Wearing a surgical mask over the nasal cannula during oxygen administration is beneficial for oxygenation and might help prevent aerosol dispersal.

“Putting your own oxygen mask on first”: a qualitative study of siblings of adults with anorexia or bulimia

Background In families where one of the siblings has an eating disorder (ED), research indicates that the siblings without eating disorders (EDs) experience insufficient care and negative changes in family life. The illness then takes up a great deal of space within the family. Support from the siblings without EDs is considered to be important for the recovery of the sibling with ED. A key issue is how to involve siblings without EDs in treatment and establish what kind of support they themselves need. A majority of the research on EDs and family has focused on children and adolescents with EDs. The aim of this study is to expand knowledge about the experiences and coping strategies of sisters and brothers of adult women with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Methods This qualitative study used a constructivist grounded theory approach. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 sisters and brothers (aged 20–31 years). They were recruited from eating disorders and general psychiatrics units and from user organisations for patients with eating disorders within Norway. An iterative process of data collection, coding and analysis was employed in order to generate a theory about these participants’ experiences and strategies. Results The core category is “put your own oxygen mask on first”. It indicates that the siblings realize that they need to take care of themselves first, in order to be able to stay involved with their sister with the ED. The three subcategories; “taking a new role”, “distancing” and “adapted care” describe how the siblings handle their situation as the relatives of adult sisters with an ED. The siblings without ED became more responsible and independent and assumed a caregiving role. They downplayed their own needs to reduce their parents’ burden. This new role became difficult to fulfil and the siblings experienced that over time they needed more distance. Eventually, they developed a more manageable way of caring for their sister. Conclusions The findings suggest that the ED challenged the boundaries within the family. The siblings without ED assumed a caregiver role, gradually leading to exhaustion and the need to distance from the sister with the ED, to take care of themselves.

Development of a Virtual Fit Analysis Method for an Ergonomic Design of Pilot Oxygen Mask

In the ergonomic design of wearable products such as an oxygen mask, systematic design methods including the analysis of anthropometric information, evaluation of fit, and product design need to utilize 3D human scan data. The present study intends to develop a virtual fit analysis method that generates an ergonomic shape of an oxygen mask for fighter pilots based on 3D facial scans. The proposed virtual fit analysis method enables iteratively to revise the shape of an oxygen mask until an appropriate level of fit between the mask and a group of pilot faces is achieved. The proposed method of virtual fit analysis and design optimization was applied to find ergonomic shapes of oxygen masks for four size categories (small narrow, medium narrow, medium wide, and large wide) to accommodate 336 pilots of the Republic of Korea Air Force. The virtual fit analysis results in the study showed that the revised oxygen mask shapes achieved significantly higher accommodation percentages (4.8~88.7%) at facial areas (nasal root, nasal side, cheek, and chin) compared to the existing oxygen mask shapes. The proposed method can be applied to develop an ergonomic product design that fits the face and other human body parts.

Comparison of high-flow nasal oxygen cannula therapy versus a standard oxygen face mask in patients with hypostatic pneumonia

Objective We assessed the clinical effects of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy and a standard oxygen atomizer mask on the respiratory tract in patients with hypostatic pneumonia. Methods We included patients with hypostatic pneumonia in this retrospective cohort study. Patients were provided continuous airway humidification by continuous oxygen atomization using either an HFNC or standard oxygen mask. Arterial blood gas analysis, the dyspnea score, inflammatory-related parameters, and adverse events of patients in the two groups were compared. Results Fifty-five patients had HFNC delivery and 57 had a standard oxygen atomizer mask. After 7 days of treatment, patients in the HFNC group had a higher partial pressure of arterial blood oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (268.12±28.44 vs 238.28±30.04) and lower partial pressure of arterial blood carbon dioxide (38.02±8.84 vs 49.27±7.84 mmHg) than those in the standard oxygen mask group. The dyspnea score and inflammatory-related parameters in the HFNC group were significantly lower than those in the standard oxygen mask group. The incidence of adverse events was lower in the HFNC group than in the standard oxygen mask group. Conclusion HFNC therapy relieves clinical symptoms more quickly than a standard oxygen mask and reduces the incidence of adverse events.

Superiority of OxyMask™ with Less Carbon Dioxide Rebreathing in Children

Despite the growing importance of oxygen-delivery devices worldwide, there are only a few reports of physiological data on various oxygen masks in children. OxyMask KidTM (Southmedic Inc. Canada; hereafter OxyMask) is expected to reduce carbon dioxide rebreathing even at low oxygen flow rates because of its structural features. Biological data using OxyMask in children have not been well investigated. Measured respiratory parameters of OxyMask with those of a simple oxygen mask in healthy children were compared. Ten subjects were enrolled, with a median age of 5.4 years. All of them used both OxyMask and a simple oxygen mask. The fraction of inspiratory oxygen (FIO2), partial pressure of inspiratory carbon dioxide (PICO2), and partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide were measured using a side-stream gas-sampling monitor in all subjects. The oxygen-flow rate was set at 1, 3, 5, and 10 L/min. FIO2 levels were higher with OxyMask than with the simple oxygen mask at 3L/min of oxygen. PICO2 levels were significantly lower with OxyMask than with the simple oxygen mask (1.5 mmHg vs. 3.7 mmHg at 1 L/min, P = .005; 1.0 mmHg vs. 2.7 mmHg at 3 L/min, P = .005, respectively), whereas PICO2 levels were higher at low oxygen-flow rates with both masks. ConclusionOur results showed that higher FIO2 and less CO2 rebreathing were achieved with OxyMask than with a simple oxygen mask at low-flow rates of oxygen in healthy children.