Factors influencing student’s specialty choices in Lomé faculty of medicine (Togo)

Background The choice of specialty in medicine is an important decision for the individual, but also for health system. This choice combined personals reasons, professional desires and needs of the health system. The number of specialists in the country depends of this choice. Very few studies have focused on factors influencing the choice of specialties among medical students in Africa. Also, in the absence of specialist needs planning in Togo. This study, aims to determine the factors influencing the choice of specialty among students at the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Lomé (FSS-UL). Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that took place from June 1 to June 30, 2019 with medical students of the doctoral cycle and doctors in specialization studies in the various Diploma of Special Study (DSS) available at the FSS-UL. Data collection was done at the surveyed’s training sites. Pre-established and pre-tested fact sheets were giving and explained to the students by data collection team. Data collection team return at the surveyed’s training sites 72 h after to collect pre-established fact sheets. Following variables study including: factors (individual; related to the medical curriculum); the advantages and attractiveness of the specialty that can influence students’ choice. Data analysis was carried out using Epi Info 6.0 software. The significance threshold was 5%. Results At the time of the survey, the FSS-UL had 147 doctoral students and 211 specialty students. A total of 251 participants responded to the questionnaires. These included 140 doctoral students and 111 specialty students. The choice of specialties requiring night work such as gynecology, surgery was significantly associated with the male sex (p = 0.001). There was significant association between having financial support (p = 0.001), remuneration related to the specialty (p = 0.0001) and the decision to beginning specialty studies immediately completing general medical studies. Interest in lectures (p = 0.003), teacher support as a mentor in the specialty (p = 0.01) and easy accessibility to teachers (p = 0.008) were medical curriculum factors significantly associated with specialty choice. Facility to work in public and private sector was mentioned by 55.3% of respondents who chose gynecology (p = 0.03). Interest in lectures (p = 0.003), was significantly associated with choice of fundamental sciences; and work in international fields was significantly associated with the choice of pediatric and public health (p = 0.0001). Conclusion Factors influencing the choice of certain specialty were balance between family and professional life; financial support to studies, the remuneration opportunities related to the specialty, access to university career. Intervention on these factors will allow a balance between the numbers of doctors trained in the different specialties.

Analysis of Do-it-Yourself (DIY) Electrode for Soil Resistivity Measurement Practical of Geology and Geophysics Subject at Earth and Outerspace Laboratory

This study describes the process of designing, manufacturing and the performance of Do It Yourself (DIY) electrodes for Soil Resitivity Measurement (SRM) practicum in the Geophysical Geology course. The aim is to produce electrodes that can be used with the Geo Tester tool from the Fluke 1623. The method used was the Research and Development method. the required electrode had been analyzed prior to the idea of making make your own electrode was created. The electrodes were designed in such a way as to consider the level of accuracy, convenience, safety and economics. The results showed that the DIY electrode was made well, the limited trial of data collection using the Schlumberger and Wenner configuration methods resulted in data error values ​​of 2.43% and 4.1%, respectively. The results were much smaller than the accepted minimum error threshold, namely 20%. The validation results from DIY electrode users (Data Collection Team) and Earth Physicist lecturers gave an average rating of 3.8 out of a scale 4. Thus, DIY eceltrodes can be used in practical for Geophysical Geology lectures in the Earth and Space Laboratory

Gambaran Tingkat Kepatuhan Membaca Label Pangan pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Sainsdan Teknologi Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia

<p><em>Abstrak</em>-<strong>Kesadaran konsumen dalam membaca label pangan dan untuk memahami isi label pangan masih sangat rendah. Diperlukan analisis mengenai tingkat kepatuhan mahasiswa dalam membaca label pangan, sehingga mahasiswa memiliki pemahaman yang lebih baik terhadap label pangan. Responden pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa dari Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia angkatan 2015-2018. Metode pengambilan data pada penelitian ini adalah melalui kuisioner. Responden akan mengisi sendiri kuisioner yang diberikan dengan mengikuti instruksi yang akan dijelaskan sebelum pengisian kuisioner oleh tim pengambil data. Responden pada penelitian ini berjumlah 90 orang dengan jumlah perempuan 53,33% dan laki-laki 46,67%. Pengetahuan responden mengenai label pangan ada pada kategori baik yaitu 82,22% dan kategori cukup 17,78%. Sedangkan untuk tingkat kepatuhan, responden yang memiliki tingkat kepatuhan tertinggi berada pada kategori cukup yaitu 61,11%, kategori baik 36,67%, dan kategori kurang 2,22%. Data pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan responden mengenai label pangan ada pada kategori baik dan tingkat kepatuhan dalam membaca label pangan ada pada kategori cukup.</strong></p><p><em>Abstract</em>- <strong>Consumer awareness in reading food labels and understanding the contents of food labels are still very low. An analysis is needed on the level of student compliance in reading food labels, so students have a better understanding of food labels. Respondents in this study were students from the Faculty of Science and Technology of Al Azhar University Indonesia class of 2015-2018. The data collection method in this study was through a questionnaire. Respondent’s will fill in the questionnaire given themselves by following the instructions that will be explained before filling out the questionnaire by the data collection team. Respondents in this study numbered 90 people with 53,33% women and 46,67% men. Respondents knowledge about food labels is in the good category that is 82,22% and 17,78% enough category. As for the level of adherence, respondents who had the highest level of adherence were in the sufficient category, namely 61,11%, the good category 36,67%, and the less 2,22% category. The data in this study indicate that respondents' knowledge about food labels is in the good category and the level of compliance in reading food labels is in the sufficient category.</strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong>–<em>Food Label, Food Label Knowledge, Decision-Making,Level of Compliance</em></p>

EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS APPROACHES IN SPATIAL DATA COLLECTION OF VRISA AFTER LESVOS EARTHQUAKE

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Efficient and effective spatial data collection is crucial in cases of catastrophic events. Resources efficiency and project effectiveness are two aspects that need special attention especially when there are spatial and temporal constraints. There is limited literature regarding efficiency and effectiveness in spatial data collection approaches. This work elaborates on the collection of spatially-aware data from a diverse scientific group of teams after the catastrophic earthquake of Mw&amp;thinsp;=&amp;thinsp;6.3 in Vrisa village, Lesvos island in Greece in June 2017. More specific we deal with challenges faced by six teams of experts (Topographic team, House conditions data collection team, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle team, 3D Laser Scanner team, Photogrammetry team and Privacy team). The scientific teams had to collect accurate spatial data for the same area, during a period of 20 days after the earthquake. That was a challenging task due to restrictions in the area and complexity/diversity of spatial data. We present the methodological approaches followed for efficient and effective data-capturing, and we propose a framework of team/data management under concurrent data collection by scientific teams after catastrophic events such as earthquakes.</p>

Conflict Analysis for Double Left-Turn Lanes with Protected-Plus-Permitted Signal Phases

A conflict study evaluated double left-turn lanes with protected-plus-permitted signal phasing. The data collection team observed traffic behavior at four intersections in the metro Atlanta region. Included in the data set are three intersections operating under protected-plus-permitted signal phasing and a fourth intersection with a before and after examination of a protected-plus-permitted signal phase changed to protected-only phasing. The authors calculated the traffic rates for five conflict types and one traffic event unique to double left-turn movements. A statistically significant decrease in traffic conflicts was identified for the before and after comparison site. The study also identifies unique intersection geometry and traffic volumes at each site and compares traffic conflicts associated with the features. The results generally show that the enhanced capacity of double left-turn lane intersections operating under protected-plus-permitted signal phasing may occur at the expense of the safety of the traveling public.