Igel Phantom: An Innovative Model for USG Guided Needling Training

Advancements in Ultrasonography has increased the interest among anesthesiologists to learn regional anesthesia techniques specially the peripheral nerve blocks. But it takes a long learning curve to become an expert in ultrasound guided regional aneaesthesia techniques. The training models like blue phantom is expensive and not freely available. Other commercially available phantom models like gelatin based phantom and agar based phantoms though cheap has less shelf life .We devised a novel and cost effective learning phantom using Igel for needling training. Further studies are required for comparing the quality of Igel based phantoms with commercially available phantoms like blue phantom. Keywords: Ultrasonography; Igel; Phantom.

Peran Ultrasonografi dalam Evaluasi Pasca Operasi

The role of ultrasonography (USG) in postoperative gynecology is to assess and evaluate postoperative complications. Ultrasonography are the methods which is noninvasive hence minimize the risk during examination and decrease discomfort the patients. In this literature review, we will explain three main topic role of ultrasound to evaluate postoperative condition such as hematoma, injuries due to the urinary tract and residive mass especially for gynecology oncology cases. Hematoma divided into hematoma on the stump of (the vault is hematoma) and subfascial hematoma. The use of ultrasonography also to evaluate injuries at organ of the urinary tract, especially kidney and ureters. There are two methods which are transabdominally and transvaginally to evaluate the ejection of urine that can confirm that there are no obstruction in the ureter. In addition there is a ultrasound can be used to assess hydronephrosis. In cases of cancer, ultrasound can be used to evaluate residive mass in upper abdomen such as peritoneum (peritoneal carcinomatosis) and liver metastases. Keywords: ultrasonography, hematoma, hydronephrosis, residive mass

UTILITY OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY DIAGNOSIS FOR CERVICAL LYMPHADENOPATHY IN CENTRAL INDIAN POPULATION- A HOSPITAL BASED OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Background: Cervical lymph nodes are frequently involved in a number of disease conditions. The most commonly seen causes of cervical lymphadenopathy are tuberculosis, distant metastasis and lymphoma. Objective: To assess the usefulness of ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy. Methods: ultrasonography of cervical lymph nodes was performed with a real-time linear scanner using a 7.5- or 11-MHz probe. Ultrasonography findings were retrospectively reviewed in 432 lymphnodes of 120 patients. USG findings were reevaluated by FNAC, CECT neck, MRI and core needle biopsy wherever required. Results: out of 432 lymphnodes; 108 tuberculous lymphadenitis, 46 metastatic, 59 lymphoma, 114 inflammatory and 105 normal lymph nodes were observed. Ultrasonography features were found to be stronger in tubercular, metastatic and lymphomatous lymphnodes. Hypoechoic center was prominently observed in tubercular and metastatic form. In most of the patients, FNAC result was equivocal and a subsequent excision biopsy of the lymph node was carried out to confirm the diagnosis. Lymphadenitis was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100%. Conclusion: This study concluded that cervical group of lymph nodes with ultrasonography features such as round shape, absence of hilar echo, sharp nodal borders, Hypoechoic internal echogenicity and presence of intranodal necrosis were highly suggestive of metastatic cervical lymph nodes. Ultrasonography along with other radiological and histopathological parameters can be very effective in early diagnosis of high risk diseases. Keywords: Ultrasonography; Tuberculous Lymphadenitis; Malignant Lymphoma; Metastatic Node

Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of axillary cystic hygroma

Cystic hygromas are characterized by single or multiple cysts within soft tissue. They may occur in isolation or may be associated with other congenital malformations and can lead to obstructed labour or neonatal asphyxia. Ultrasonography in the prenatal period can be carried out to diagnose congenital cystic hygromas. Keywords: ultrasonography, cystic hygroma doi:10.3126/njog.v2i1.1478 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 53 - 55 May -June 2007