Effects of Asymmetric Coupling Strength on Nonlinear Dynamics of Two Mutually Long-Delay-Coupled Semiconductor Lasers

This study investigates the effects of asymmetric coupling strength on nonlinear dynamics of two mutually long-delay-coupled semiconductor lasers through both experimental and numerical efforts. Dynamical maps and spectral features of dynamical states are analyzed as a function of the coupling strength and detuning frequency for a fixed coupling delay time. Symmetry in the coupling strength of the two lasers, in general, symmetrizes their dynamical behaviors and the corresponding spectral features. Slight to moderate asymmetry in the coupling strength moderately changes their dynamical behaviors from the ones when the coupling strength is symmetric, but does not break the symmetry of their dynamical behaviors and the corresponding spectral features. High asymmetry in the coupling strength not only strongly changes their dynamical behaviors from the ones when the coupling strength is symmetric, but also breaks the symmetry of their dynamical behaviors and the corresponding spectral features. Evolution of the dynamical behaviors from symmetry to asymmetry between the two lasers is identified. Experimental observations and numerical predictions agree not only qualitatively to a high extent but also quantitatively to a moderate extent.

ANALYSIS OF THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE AIR ENVIRONMENT IN THE CITY OF KINESHMA IN THE IVANOVSK REGION BY THE METHOD OF FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY

Morphological changes occur in the leaves of trees under the influence of various air pollutants. Recording and assessing these changes reflects the state of the environment. The aim of the study was to assess the level of air pollution in the city of Kineshma, Ivanovo region, using the bioindication method. The technique of morphometry of pedunculate oak leaves and calculation of the index of fluctuating asymmetry were used. In all points of the city, a high asymmetry of oak leaf blades was noted, which indicates a critical level of atmospheric pollution. Ecotoxicants contained in emissions from enterprises and vehicles significantly violate the bilateral symmetry of oak leaf blades.

Crystal structure and optical properties of a two-sited EuIII compound: an EuIII ion coordinated by two [EuIII(DOTA)]− complexes (DOTA is 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetate)

The structure and solid-state luminescence properties of an EuIII compound with two different lanthanide sites, [Eu(μ-O)5(OH)(H2O)2][Eu(DOTA)(H2O)]2 (DOTA is 1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetate, C16H24N4O8), were determined. The compound crystallizes in a laminar structure in the triclinic space group P\overline{1}, where the two sites are a free europium(III) ion and an [Eu(DOTA)(H2O)]− complex. The crystal structure was determined using complex data treatment due to nonmerohedral twinning. Experimental data sets were recorded with large redundancy and separated according to scattering domains in order to obtain a reliable structure. In the first site, the [Eu(DOTA)(H2O)]− complex was found to adopt a capped twisted square-antiprismatic (cTSAP) conformation, where a capping water molecule increased the coordination number of the europium(III) site to nine (CN = 9). In the second site, the europium(III) ion was found to be coordinated by two water molecules, one hydroxide group and five oxide groups from neighbouring [Eu(DOTA)(H2O)]− complexes. The coordination geometry of this site was found to be a compressed square antiprism (SAP) and the coordination number of the europium(III) ion was found to be eight (CN = 8). A large increase in the rate constant of luminescence was observed for EuIII in [Eu(DOTA)(H2O)]− in solid-state luminescence spectroscopy measurements compared to in solution, which led to investigations of single crystals in deuterated media to exclude additional effects of quenching. We conclude that the most probable cause of the decrease in the observed luminescence lifetimes is the high asymmetry of the coordination environment of [Eu(DOTA)(D2O)]− in the [Eu(μ-O)5(OD)(D2O)2][Eu(DOTA)(D2O)]2 crystals.

Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of a Homometallic Heterotrinuclear Europium(III) Complex – a Cationic Eu(III) ion Coordinated by two [Eu(III)DOTA]- Complexes

The structure and solid state luminescence properties of a homometallic heterotrinuclear [Eu(μO)5(OH2)3][Eu(DOTA)(H2O)]2Cl crystal was determined and was found to have two sites: a free europium(III) ion and a [Eu(DOTA)(H2O)]- complex. The trinuclear compound crystallizes in a laminar structure in triclinic space group P. The crystal structure was determined using complex data treatment due to non-merohedric twinning. Experimental data sets were recorded with large redundancy and separated according to scattering domain in order to obtain a reliable structure, which revealed the configuration of the europium(III) sites. In first site, the europium(III) 1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetate (Eu.DOTA) complex was found to adopt a capped twisted square antiprismatic (cTSAP) conformation, where a capping water molecule increased the coordination number of the europium(III) site to nine (CN = 9). In the second site, the cationic europium(III) ion was found to be coordinated by three water molecules and five oxy groups from neighboring [Eu(DOTA)(H2O)]- complexes. The coordination geometry of this site was found to be a compressed square antiprism (SAP), and the coordination number of the europium(III) ion was found to be eight (CN = 8). A large increase in rate constant of luminescence was observed for Eu(III) in [Eu(DOTA)(H2O)]- in solid state luminescence spectroscopy measurements compared to in solution, which lead to investigations of single-crystals in deuterated media to exclude additional effects of quenching. We conclude that the most probable cause of the decrease in observed luminescence lifetimes is the high asymmetry of the coordination environment of [Eu(DOTA)(D2O)]- in the [Eu(μO)5(OD2)3][Eu(DOTA)(D2O)]2Cl crystals<br>

Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of a Homometallic Heterotrinuclear Europium(III) Complex – a Cationic Eu(III) ion Coordinated by two [Eu(III)DOTA]- Complexes

The structure and solid state luminescence properties of a homometallic heterotrinuclear [Eu(μO)5(OH2)3][Eu(DOTA)(H2O)]2Cl crystal was determined and was found to have two sites: a free europium(III) ion and a [Eu(DOTA)(H2O)]- complex. The trinuclear compound crystallizes in a laminar structure in triclinic space group P. The crystal structure was determined using complex data treatment due to non-merohedric twinning. Experimental data sets were recorded with large redundancy and separated according to scattering domain in order to obtain a reliable structure, which revealed the configuration of the europium(III) sites. In first site, the europium(III) 1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetate (Eu.DOTA) complex was found to adopt a capped twisted square antiprismatic (cTSAP) conformation, where a capping water molecule increased the coordination number of the europium(III) site to nine (CN = 9). In the second site, the cationic europium(III) ion was found to be coordinated by three water molecules and five oxy groups from neighboring [Eu(DOTA)(H2O)]- complexes. The coordination geometry of this site was found to be a compressed square antiprism (SAP), and the coordination number of the europium(III) ion was found to be eight (CN = 8). A large increase in rate constant of luminescence was observed for Eu(III) in [Eu(DOTA)(H2O)]- in solid state luminescence spectroscopy measurements compared to in solution, which lead to investigations of single-crystals in deuterated media to exclude additional effects of quenching. We conclude that the most probable cause of the decrease in observed luminescence lifetimes is the high asymmetry of the coordination environment of [Eu(DOTA)(D2O)]- in the [Eu(μO)5(OD2)3][Eu(DOTA)(D2O)]2Cl crystals<br>

Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of a Homometallic Heterotrinuclear Europium(III) Complex – a Cationic Eu(III) ion Coordinated by two [Eu(III)DOTA]- Complexes

The structure and solid state luminescence properties of a homometallic heterotrinuclear [Eu(μO)5(OH2)3][Eu(DOTA)(H2O)]2Cl crystal was determined and was found to have two sites: a free europium(III) ion and a [Eu(DOTA)(H2O)]- complex. The trinuclear compound crystallizes in a laminar structure in triclinic space group P. The crystal structure was determined using complex data treatment due to non-merohedric twinning. Experimental data sets were recorded with large redundancy and separated according to scattering domain in order to obtain a reliable structure, which revealed the configuration of the europium(III) sites. In first site, the europium(III) 1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetate (Eu.DOTA) complex was found to adopt a capped twisted square antiprismatic (cTSAP) conformation, where a capping water molecule increased the coordination number of the europium(III) site to nine (CN = 9). In the second site, the cationic europium(III) ion was found to be coordinated by three water molecules and five oxy groups from neighboring [Eu(DOTA)(H2O)]- complexes. The coordination geometry of this site was found to be a compressed square antiprism (SAP), and the coordination number of the europium(III) ion was found to be eight (CN = 8). A large increase in rate constant of luminescence was observed for Eu(III) in [Eu(DOTA)(H2O)]- in solid state luminescence spectroscopy measurements compared to in solution, which lead to investigations of single-crystals in deuterated media to exclude additional effects of quenching. We conclude that the most probable cause of the decrease in observed luminescence lifetimes is the high asymmetry of the coordination environment of [Eu(DOTA)(D2O)]- in the [Eu(μO)5(OD2)3][Eu(DOTA)(D2O)]2Cl crystals<br>

effects of the Brazilian recession on wage inequality between men and women

The Brazilian economy entered a deep recession in 2014, when the country’s GDP decreased, with negative consequences for the labour market. The aim of this paper is to analyse the effect of this recession on the country’s wage inequality, taking into account sex differences. The paper classifies employees in different groups considering occupational groups and the sectors of activities these workers belong to in order to verify who are the employees better inserted in the labour market and the ones who are in a more vulnerable situation, separating them by sex. The results show a high asymmetry and dispersion of wage distribution in Brazil. The economic recession of 2015-2016 reduced the country’s income inequality and the differences between men and women, because the share of workers with lower wages increased. However, wage differences in favour of men are still high, especially in occupations of high income and higher education requirements.

Exploring The Anion Chemical Space: A Model of Electroelastic Material Ln2OF2-xClxH2 (Ln=Y,La,Gd) with High Mechanical Sensitivity and Remarkable Energy Harvesting

<p>The main result of our investigation is the prediction of a new family of multi-anion compounds - Ln2OF2-xClxH2 (Ln=Y,La,Gd) which due to anomalous elastic behaviour could present interest for the design and development of electromechanical devices. The composition Ln2OF2-xClxH2 utilizes complex heteroatomic anion [OF2-xClxH2]^-6; in a solid state, as it follows from the DFT calculations, the system crystallizes into a columnar-type layered structure of <i>P3m1</i> or <i>R3m</i> trigonal symmetries in which the LnO(F,Cl)H and Ln(F,Cl)FH layers are uniformly stacked in an</p> <p>alternating order along the high-symmetry <i>c</i> axis. In the trigonal lattice without inversion center, the resulting two-layers geometry puts groups of the anionic species together in a way that gives rise to the strong localization of valence charge density. We showed that being globally stable, such specific crystal architecture may lead to a high asymmetry of mechanical and electrical responses with respect to imposed loads.</p> <p>Moreover, small dynamic changes of the equilibrium charge and bonding configurations may cause rather the enhanced structural sensitivity of elastic responses at low pressures. Comparison of electromechanical characteristics showed that the predicted materials can serve as direct successors of the line of PVDF piezopolymers.</p>

Exploring The Anion Chemical Space: A Model of Electroelastic Material Ln2OF2-xClxH2 (Ln=Y,La,Gd) with High Mechanical Sensitivity and Remarkable Energy Harvesting

<p>The main result of our investigation is the prediction of a new family of multi-anion compounds - Ln2OF2-xClxH2 (Ln=Y,La,Gd) which due to anomalous elastic behaviour could present interest for the design and development of electromechanical devices. The composition Ln2OF2-xClxH2 utilizes complex heteroatomic anion [OF2-xClxH2]^-6; in a solid state, as it follows from the DFT calculations, the system crystallizes into a columnar-type layered structure of <i>P3m1</i> or <i>R3m</i> trigonal symmetries in which the LnO(F,Cl)H and Ln(F,Cl)FH layers are uniformly stacked in an</p> <p>alternating order along the high-symmetry <i>c</i> axis. In the trigonal lattice without inversion center, the resulting two-layers geometry puts groups of the anionic species together in a way that gives rise to the strong localization of valence charge density. We showed that being globally stable, such specific crystal architecture may lead to a high asymmetry of mechanical and electrical responses with respect to imposed loads.</p> <p>Moreover, small dynamic changes of the equilibrium charge and bonding configurations may cause rather the enhanced structural sensitivity of elastic responses at low pressures. Comparison of electromechanical characteristics showed that the predicted materials can serve as direct successors of the line of PVDF piezopolymers.</p>

Pixel asymmetry predicts between-object differences in the object-based compatibility effect

When participants make left/right responses to unimanually graspable objects, response times (RTs) are faster when the responding hand is aligned with the viewed object’s handle. This object-based compatibility effect (CE) is often attributed to motor activation elicited by the object’s afforded grasp. However, some evidence suggests that the object-based CE is an example of spatial CEs, or Simon effects, elicited by the protruding nature of objects’ handles. Moreover, recent work shows that the way in which objects are centred on-screen might attenuate or reverse CEs, perhaps due to differences in pixel asymmetry (the proportion of pixels either side of fixation) between centralities. In this study, we tested whether pixel asymmetry also contributes to between-object variation in object-based CEs. In experiment 1 ( N = 34), we found that between-object differences in asymmetry predicted object-based CEs, such that objects with a greater proportion of pixels to the handle-congruent side of fixation produced larger CEs. In experiment 2 ( N = 35), we presented participants with mug (low asymmetry) and frying pan (high asymmetry) images and found that between-object and within-object (due to stimulus centrality) differences in pixel asymmetry interact to moderate CEs. Base-centred stimuli (centred according to the width of the object’s base) produced conventional CEs, whereas object-centred (centred according to the object’s total width) stimuli produced negative CEs (NCEs). Furthermore, the effect of centrality was smaller for mugs than pans, indicating an interaction between within-object and between-object differences in pixel asymmetry.