Adaptive technology of growing mother roots and beet bearers of fodder beets

Goal. To develop on the basis of complex system of observations, estimation of agroclimatic indicators, patterns of growth and development of plants of the first and second years of life, adaptive technology of growing mother roots and seed bearers under the conditions of the Central Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Laboratory, field, statistical. Results. The biological potential of modern varieties and hybrids of fodder beet to some extent is realized by using high quality seeds, which is caused by a complex of ecological-biotic and anthropogenic factors. Important factors affecting seed quality have been identified: laboratory and field germination. Its level depends on the duration of emergence and completeness of the seedlings, the uniformity of plants in the row and, ultimately, their seed productivity. The calculations of the main indicators of adaptive technology of cultivation of mother roots and seed bearers are the following: the yield of mother roots increased by 2.7 times, the preservation in storage by 7.7%, seed yield by 0.4 t/ha, germination by 8%, weight of 1000 seed clusters by 1.2 g compared to conventional technology. Conclusions. The cultivation of mother roots and seed bearers of fodder beet varieties and hybrids should be carried out according to adaptive technology, which provides: 1) sowing of seeds in the summer (early-mid June) with SST-12B seeder with a device for simultaneous separation of the main seeds by specific weight, 15–20 seeds/m, with an interval of 22.5 cm; 2) storage of mother roots in storages and containers equipped with plastic film with holes; 3) using planter VPS-2,8A and seeding on the background of 50 t/ha of manure + and design 70 × 20–70 × 30 cm; 4) seed treatment during mass formation of the stem; 5) additional pollination during the mass flowering period.

Observed changes in the agroclimatic zones in the Czech Republic between 1961 and 2019

The paper shows a large-scale shift in agroclimatic zones in the territory of the Czech Republic (CR) between 1961 and 2019. The method used for agroclimatic zoning took advantage of high-resolution (0.5 km × 0.5 km) daily climate data collected from 268 climatological and 787 rain-gauge stations. The climate information was combined with soil and terrain data at the same resolution. The set of seven agroclimatic indicators allowed us to estimate rates of changes in agroclimatic conditions over the 1961–2019 period, including changes in the air temperature regime, global radiation, drought, frost risks and snow cover occurrence. These indicators are relevant for all main crops and agroclimatic zoning and account for local soil and slope conditions. The study clearly highlights major shifts in the type and extent of agroclimatic zones between 1961–2000 and 2000–2019, which led to the occurrence of entirely new combinations of agroclimatic indicators.

Similarities and differences in trends of changes of the agroclimatic conditions of the main viticulture zones of the Krasnodar region

In this article are presented the results of studying the similarities and differences in the trends of changes of the agroclimatic conditions of the main viticulture zones of the Krasnodar region according to the data of the Temryuk, Anapa and Taman weather stations. The average values of heat and water supply indicators for two thirty-year (1961-1990, 1991-2020) and three twenty-year averaging periods (1961-1980, 1981-2000, 2001-2020) were obtained. Statistically significant changes in the average agroclimatic indicators were noted. The connection of the course of indicators between weather stations is determined, especially a close connection is noted in the indicators of Anapa and Temryuk. The values of linear trends in 1991-2020 for Anapa and Temryuk are calculated. Statistically significant trends are the growth of the accumulated air temperature above +10 °C in Anapa and Temryuk, a decrease in the moisture coefficient and an increase in the dryness index in Temryuk.

Assessing consistency across climate datasets for the potential detectability of extreme events in seasonal forecasting using agroclimatic indicators

<p>Seasonal forecasts are medium-range climate predictions that, used for calculating agroclimatic indicators, might potentially help land managers for best decision making. To assess their reliability seasonal forecasts are commonly contrasted against observed datasets, e.g. gridded data coming from reanalysis, classifying yearly pixel conditions in into/out of the norm events (i.e. using the 33<sup>th</sup> and 66<sup>th</sup> percentiles along a time series to define the occurrence of out of the norm events). Potential differences in the shape of the probability distribution across observed climate datasets might influence the results in the validation procedure of seasonal forecasting since the definition of out of the norm events depends on the properties of the statistical distribution. Here, we assess for different agroclimatic indicators related with water availability, vegetation thermal needs and fire risk, the spatial patterns of skewness using a range of climate datasets, i.e. ERA5, E-OBS and WFDEI along a 30 year period. Skewness represents the degree of asymmetry of the probability distribution evidencing locations in which out of the norm events highly differ from mean conditions which might suggest a potentially higher detectability. Common spatial patterns of great skewness (either positive or negative) across observed dataset might suggest areas with high and consistent detectability whereas contrasting patterns might suggest higher uncertainty for the validation procedure.</p>