TANGGUNG JAWAB NEGARA ATAS DIGUNAKANNYA SENJATA SPACE-BASED MISSILE INTERCEPTOR SEBAGAI BENTUK UPAYA SELF-DEFENSE DARI NEGARA PENYERANG TERHADAP NEGARA PIHAK KETIGA DITINJAU DARI HUKUM INTERNASIONAL

Self-defense as an inherent right owned by a country is regulated in Article 51 of the UN Charter and due to the use of Space-Based Missile Interceptor (SBMI) weapons in space, the 1967 outer space treaty must also be guided. Because Article 4 of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty prohibits the use of weapons in space, the legality of using SBMI weapons is questionable. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the legal provisions, forms of state accountability and the process of prosecuting compensation for countries using these weapons according to international law. The results of the study indicate that the use of SBMI weapons does not conflict with international law, because it is based on Article 103 of the UN Charter which states that if there are provisions in other legal rules that are contrary to the UN Charter, the UN Charter must be guided. So that self-defense actions based on Article 51 of the UN Charter do not violate the law. The party that must be absolutely responsible is the country that started the conflict, because it has violated the rules of international law in Article 2 paragraph (4) of the UN Charter and international humanitarian law. The compensation process is carried out according to the rules of the space liability convention 1972 and if in practice the party who is responsible does not show good faith in providing compensation, then it can be continued by referring to the dispute resolution process in the UN Charter.

PENYELIDIKAN DAN PENYIDIKAN MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK INTEROGASI REKAMAN AUDIO VISUAL DALAM PEMBERKASAN PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA PADA POLRESTABES MEDAN

The filing of cases begins with the Minutes of Examination (BAP). In making the Minutes of Investigation, both Witnesses and Suspects, for Investigators it is often difficult because the number of cases handled makes the Investigator not focus on revealing and making light of a criminal act. Not to mention, in the interrogations (also called "Interrogations"), also misinterpreted by the Investigator. This makes the Integrated Criminal Justice System (ICJS) not work, because of the piling up of cases at the level of examination or investigation. The Minutes of Examination as the start of law enforcement, the concept of Minutes of Examination now is no longer feasible to be maintained. Advanced investigative and interrogation techniques are needed. In this case, using audio-visual recordings in examinations and investigations. Audio-visual recordings can be done in a room at the Police Station. So, both investigators and investigators can directly examine witnesses or suspects as freely as the questions asked. Likewise, with witnesses or suspects as being questioned, they can answer freely as far as they know, see, hear, or experience them themselves. Also, the investigator as an examiner can see playing back the audio-visual recording to be examined and displayed/exhibited at the case title conducted.

PENERAPAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DALAM PENYELESAIAN PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA PENIPUAN DAN PENGGELAPAN DI POLRESTABES MEDAN (The Implementation of Restorative Justice in The Settlement of Criminal Crimes of Fraud and Embezzlement at the Polrestabes Medan)

In the implementation of restorative justice or settlement of cases outside the court, there are no longer any minor criminal cases, but also include cases such as humiliation, persecution, fraud and embezzlement, negligence resulting in injuries, unpleasant acts, even theft, and gambling. The ultimate goal of this restorative concept hopes to reduce the number of prisoners in prison; removing stigma or labels and returning criminals to normal human beings; criminals can realize their mistakes, so they do not repeat their actions and reduce the workload of the police, prosecutors, detention centers, courts, and correctional institutions; saving state finances does not cause resentment because the perpetrator has been forgiven by the victim, the victim quickly gets compensation; empowering the community in overcoming crime, and reintegrating criminals into society. The problems, namely: settlement through restorative justice eliminates criminal acts, or not. This research is normative legal research. The results showed that: Settlement of criminal cases of fraud and embezzlement through restorative justice does not eliminate criminal acts. It is recommended that the criminal policy for settlement of cases should be changed not to retaliate but to restore the losses incurred for the parties in litigation.

SECURITIES CROWDFUNDING SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PEMBIAYAAN PADA PELAKU USAHA MIKRO DALAM PERSPEKTIF TEORI HUKUM PEMBANGUNAN

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui optimalisasi securities crowdfunding sebagai alternatif pembiayaan khususnya bagi usaha mikro dimana pembiayaan merupakan masalah utama bagi pelaku usaha mikro saat ini di era digital. Adapun metode penelitian yang dipakai adalah kualitatif dengan jenis pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah melalui pembiayaan securities crowdfunding diharapkan dapat meningkatkan akses pembiayaan serta dapat meningkatkan kapasitas usaha dengan ditunjang akses digital teknologi sebagai sarana pembangunan maka memberikan kemudahan bagi para pelaku usaha pada khususnya usaha mikro pemula dalam mencari pendanaan bagi usahanya untuk dapat berkembang.

PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PRAKTIK MONEY GAME DENGAN SKEMA PONZI DALAM INVESTASI ILEGAL PADA APLIKASI TIKTOK E-CASH DI INDONESIA

Praktik money game semakin berkembang dengan berbagai skema khususnya dalam investasi ilegal yang merugikan masyarakat, penyelesaian terhadap praktik money game dengan skema ponzi sering terabaikan, seperti pada sengketa Tiktok E-Cash. Indonesia sebagai negara hukum harus melaksanakan komponen-komponen penegakan hukum dengan baik guna memberikan kepastian hukum dalam masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penegakan hukum terhadap praktik money game dalam investasi ilegal pada aplikasi Tiktok E-Cash di Indonesia dan penyelesaian sengketa terhadap praktik money game dalam investasi ilegal pada aplikasi Tiktok E-Cash di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan bersifat deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Penelitian dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Seluruh data yang dikaji dianalisis secara yuridis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa penegakan hukum terhadap praktik money game dalam investasi ilegal Tiktok E-Cash dapat dilakukan melalui substansi hukum dalam Pasal 378 KUHP dan Pasal 28 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang ITE, peran aktif struktur hukum dan mengubah budaya hukum masyarakat. Penyelesaian sengketa terhadap praktik money game dalam investasi ilegal Tiktok E-Cash dapat dilakukan melalui pengaduan kepada OJK atau pengaduan melalui Kepolisian atas tindakan penipuan dan menyebarkan berita bohong dalam transaksi elektronik.

EFEKTIVITAS PENANGGULANGAN PEMBAJAKAN KARYA CIPTA DALAM PERSPEKTIF SISTEM HUKUM

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of countermeasures against copyright piracy from a legal system perspective. The research method used is a normative juridical approach, starting from secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The data collection technique was carried out through document study and qualitative normative data analysis. The legal structure is related to Law no. 28/2014 concerning Copyright still has obstacles related to the consistency of law enforcers (especially investigators, especially Civil Servant Investigators) who have carried out their functions but have not been effective due to internal and external constraints. In terms of legal substance, the Copyright Law has a normative weakness, namely adhering to a complaint offense against copyright crimes which causes law enforcement to take longer. Meanwhile, in terms of legal culture, the public has not fully respected the creations of other parties, as evidenced by the increasing number of piracy of copyright works and a way of thinking that considers intellectual property including copyright to only have a social function, even though it is also an individual right that has economic value. Therefore, the application of the legal system according to Friedman on the effectiveness of counter piracy of copyright works has not been effective.

LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST ILLEGAL FISHING IN NATUNA WATERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Law enforcement against illegal fishing in Natuna Waters during the Covid-19 pandemic is very important, especially considering frequent illegal fishing cases during the pandemic. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an analysis of the efforts that have been made by the Indonesian Government to solve the illegal fishing cases that have occurred in Indonesia, regarding to the protection of fishermen, especially in Natuna Waters. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of the government regarding the form of law enforcement that have been carried out, utilizing various existing government policies and regulations, as well as the implementation of these regulations in the field, both in preventive, responsive and repressive efforts, in regards to illegal fishing cases in Natuna Waters. To study this, it is necessary to analyze various juridical reviews of the rights and obligations of the Indonesian State in Indonesian waters, data on the number of illegal fishing cases in Indonesia and in the Natuna region, and general analysis of illegal fishing cases. Furthermore, it should also include the type of facilities and infrastructure that must be strengthened. Using the method of normative legal analysis, we found several weaknessesin the legal norms.

SANKSI PIDANA KEMATIAN BAGI ORANG KORUPSI DI INDONESIA (Death Criminal Sanctions For Personnel Of Corruption In Indonesia)

The application of capital punishment itself has been regulated in Indonesia as contained in the law. Article 2 paragraph (2) of Corruption Act concerning Eradication of Corruption Crimes. According to Romli Atmasasmita, it was argued that the death penalty for corruptors was effectively implemented in the People's Republic of China (PRC), and it was quite successful to reduce corruption. This certainly can be used as an example in Indonesia in imposing capital punishment for corruptors. The imposition of capital punishment for perpetrators of corruption is urgently needed as "shock therapy" because psychologically the death penalty aims for the benefit of general prevention so that others do not participate in committing crimes. Also, the application of capital punishment is based on the reason that capital punishment is more certain than the prison sentence because the prison sentence is often followed by running away, forgiveness, or because of the release. When compared from an economic standpoint, basically the death sentence is more efficient when compared to life imprisonment. As for the problems that can be formulated, namely: legal arrangements regarding corruption in the Corruption Act; the application of capital punishment sanctions against perpetrators of corruption in Indonesia. The results of the study show that: Corruption is a type of extraordinary crime ("extra-ordinary crime") that must be handled extraordinarily, so that the act is contrary to the 1945 Constitution, therefore it does not need to be protected by the 1945 Constitution. accommodated in Article 2 paragraph (2) of the Corruption Act, must meet the requirements "in certain circumstances" by the Elucidation of Article 2 paragraph (2), but its application has never been implemented, so it is necessary to review the rules "in certain circumstances".

KAJIAN HUKUM KEKERASAN BERBASIS GENDER ONLINE DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN TUJUAN PEMIDANAAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF NEGARA HUKUM PANCASILA

Negara Indonesia adalah negara hukum yang berdasar pada Pancasila dan UUD 1945. Salah satu wujud dari konsep tersebut ialah perlindungan terhadap warga negaranya, hal ini diwujudkan dengan adanya perlindungan terhadap korban kekerasan berbasis gender online (KBGO). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan kekerasan berbasis gender online (KBGO) demi terwujudnya tujuan pemidanaan serta untuk mengetahui penerapan hukum terhadap pelaku kekerasan berbasis gender online (KBGO) dalam perspektif negara hukum Pancasila. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan konseptual atau metode library research (penelitian kepustakaan) dan spesifikasi penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, menunjukkan bahwa pelaku KBGO yang diancam sanksi pidana penjara berdasarkan KUHP dan/atau UU ITE dan/atau UU Pornografi tidak menimbulkan efek jera, oleh karena itu tujuan pemidanaan merupakan unsur yang sangat esensial dengan merujuk pada sila-sila Pancasila yang sesuai dengan budaya bangsa Indonesia. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penulis berpandangan bahwa penting dilakukannya rekonstruksi dan reformulasi sanksi pidana dalam hukum positif yaitu rehabilitasi melalui pidana kerja sosial dalam rangka terwujudnya tujuan pemidanaan yang berlandaskan negara hukum Pancasila.

PENERAPAN PRINSIP PENCEMAR MEMBAYAR DALAM PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PENCEMARAN LIMBAH B3 OLEH PT. PRIA MOJOKERTO (Implementation Polluter Pays Principle of B3 Waste Pollution Responsibility by PT. PRIA Mojokerto)

Environmental pollution carried out by economic actors in the economic process needs to be borne by the economic actors who pollute, namely responsibility for the restoration of a polluted environment. PT PRIA as a B3 waste management company that has carried out landfilling which has caused environmental pollution is obliged to provide an accountability for the impacts that have been caused. The application of the polluter pays principle is required by PT PRIA in this accountability. Because the principle of polluter pays itself is closely related to the provisions of responsibility for pollution to the environment. This study uses a normative juridical method with descriptive analysis. This method is carried out by examining library materials on legal principles or legal principles. The results of this study indicate that as a form of responsibility for the many negative impacts caused by B3 waste by PT. PRIA, the PT is obliged to provide compensation for the impacts that have been caused. This responsibility is in line with the provisions of the UUPPLH which regulates the polluter pays principle which is part of the corporate responsibility in environmental management. Pencemaran lingkungan yang dilakukan oleh pelaku ekonomi dalam proses ekonomi perlu dibebankan kepada pelaku ekonomi yang melakukan pencemaran yaitu pertanggungjawaban akan pemulihan lingkungan yang tercemar. PT PRIA sebagai perusahaan pengelolaan limbah B3 yang telah melakukan penimbunan yang menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan wajib untuk memberikan pertanggung jawaban atas dampak yang telah ditimbulkan. Penerapan prinsip pencemar membayar diperlukan oleh PT PRIA dalam pertanggungjawaban tersebut. Karena prinsip pencemar membayar sendiri erat hubungannya dengan ketentuan pertanggungjawaban atas pencemaran terhadap lingkungan hidup.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Metode ini dilakukan dengan meneliti bahan pustaka terhadap asas-asas hukum atau prinsip-prinsip hukumnya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagai bentuk pertanggung jawaban atas banyaknya dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan dari limbah B3 oleh PT. PRIA, maka PT tersebut wajib memberikan ganti rugi atas dampak yang telah ditimbulkan.Pertanggungjawaban tersebut sejalan dengan ketentuan UUPPLH yang mengatur tentang sistem pencemar membayar (polluter pays principle) yang merupakan bagian dari tanggung jawab korporasi dalam pengelolaan lingkungan.