FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPLETE CLIP CLOSURE AFTER ENDOSCOPIC MUCOSAL RESECTION OF LARGE COLORECTAL POLYPS.

Background. Delayed bleeding is a common adverse event following endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of large colorectal polyps. Prophylactic clip closure of the mucosal defect after EMR of ≥20 mm non-pedunculated polyps reduces the incidence of severe delayed bleeding, especially in proximal polyps. Aim: Evaluate factors associated with complete prophylactic clip closure of the mucosal defect after EMR of large polyps. Methods: This is a post-hoc analysis of the CLIP STUDY (NCT01936948). All patients randomized to the clip group were included. Main outcome was complete clip closure of the mucosal resection defect. The defect was considered completely closed when there was no remaining visible mucosal defect and clips were <1cm apart. Factors associated with complete closure were evaluated in multivariable analysis. Results: 458 patients (age 65, 58% men) with 494 large polyps were included. Complete clip closure of the resection defect was achieved for 338 polyps (68.4%) and was not complete for 156 (31.6%). Factors associated with complete closure in adjusted analysis were smaller polyp size (OR 1.06 for every mm decrease [1.02-1.08]), good access (OR 3.58 [1.94-9.59]), complete submucosal lifting (OR 2.28 [1.36-3.90]), en bloc resection (OR 5.75 [1.48-22.39]), and serrated histology (OR 2.74 [1.35-5.56]). Conclusions: Complete clip closure was not achieved for almost 1 out of 3 resected large non-pedunculated polyps. While stable access and en bloc resection facilitate clip closure, most factors associated with clip closure are not modifiable and highlight the need for alternative closure options and preventative bleeding measures.

Management of delayed bleeding after endoscopic mucosal resection of large colorectal polyps: a retrospective multi-center cohort study

Background and study aims Delayed bleeding (DB) is the most frequent major adverse event after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps (LNPCPs). Evidence-based guidelines for management of DB are lacking. We aimed to evaluate the clinical presentation, treatment and outcome of patients with DB and to determine factors associated with hemostatic therapy. Patients and methods Patients with DB were identified by analyzing all consecutive EMR procedures for LNPCPs (≥ 2 cm) from one academic center (2012–2017) and seven regional hospitals (2015–2017). DB was defined as any postprocedural bleeding necessitating emergency department presentation, hospitalization or reintervention. Outcome of DB was assessed for three clinical scenarios: continued bleeding (CB), spontaneous resolution without recurrent bleeding during 24 hours observation (SR), and recurrent bleeding (RB). Variables associated with hemostatic therapy were analyzed using logistic regression. Results DB occurred after 42/542 (7.7 %) EMR procedures and re-colonoscopy was performed in 30 patients (72 %). Re-colonoscopy and hemostatic therapy rates were 92 % and 75 % for CB (n = 24), 25 % and 8 % for SR (n = 12), and 83 % and 67 % for RB (n = 6), respectively. Frequent hematochezia (≥ hourly) was the only factor significantly associated with hemostatic therapy (RR 2.23, p = 0.01). Re-bleeding after endoscopic hemostatic therapy occurred in 3/22 (13.6 %) patients. Conclusion Ongoing or recurrent hematochezia is associated with a high rate of hemostatic therapy, warranting re-colonoscopy in these patients. A conservative approach is justified when bleeding spontaneously settles, and without recurrent hematochezia during 24 hours observation patients can be safely discharged without endoscopic re-examination.