Peritoneal disease: key imaging findings that help in the differential diagnosis

The peritoneum is a unique serosal membrane, which can be the site of primary tumors and, more commonly, secondary pathologic processes. Peritoneal carcinomatosis is the most common malignant process to affect the peritoneal cavity, and the radiologist plays an important role in making the diagnosis and assessing the extent of disease, especially in sites that may hinder surgery. In this review we address the role of the radiologist in the setting of peritoneal pathology, focusing on peritoneal carcinomatosis as this is the predominant malignant process, followed by revising typical imaging findings that can guide the differential diagnosis. We review the most frequent primary and secondary peritoneal tumor and tumor-like lesions, proposing a systemic approach based on clinical history and morphological appearance, namely distinguishing predominantly cystic from solid lesions, both solitary and multiple.

Tumor-like Lesions, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der spinalen aneurysmatischen Knochenzyste

ZusammenfassungDie aneurysmatische Knochenzyste (AKZ) ist ein lokal aggressiv wachsender gutartiger primärer osteoklastischer Riesenzell-reicher Tumor, der in 10-30% die Wirbelsäule betrifft. Lange Zeit wurde angenommen, dass es sich um eine Tumor-ähnliche Läsion handelt. Durch den Nachweis einer chromosomalen Translokation des USP (Ubiquitin-spezifische Protease) 6 Gens auf Chromosom 17p13 entspricht die primäre AKZ jedoch einer echten Neoplasie 4 5 6 7 8. Die Prognose ist sehr gut mit Heilungsraten von > 90% nach intraläsionaler Resektion und Gesamtüberlebensraten von ≥98% 11 12. Die Einteilung erfolgt nach ihrem Wachstumsverhalten in die Enneking Stadien S1 bis S3. Die chirurgische Therapie galt bisher als Goldstandard für die Therapie der AKZ: die intraläsionale Kürettage ± adjuvante Therapie bei Enneking S1 und S2 Tumoren und die extraläsionale en bloc Resektion bei S3 Tumoren. In neueren Studien ist ein Trend erkennbar S2 Tumore zunehmend primär mittels serieller selektiver arterieller Embolisationen zu behandeln mit erfolgsversprechenden Ergebnissen 11. Bei S3 Tumoren gibt es Expertenmeinungen, die die en bloc Resektionen aufgrund der primären Gutartigkeit des Tumors, der guten Ergebnisse nach intraläsionaler Resektion und der hohen perioperativen Morbidität als Übertherapie betrachten 11. Eine Besonderheit bei der Therapie sind die vielfältigen nicht chirurgischen primären und adjuvanten Therapieansätze, die i.d.R. auf kleinen Fallserien beruhen. Bei lokal fortgeschrittenen, inoperablen oder Rezidivtumoren gibt es neuerdings Therapieansätze mit dem off-Label Einsatz von Denosumab primär, adjuvant oder neoadjuvant mit vielversprechenden ersten Ergebnissen.

Tumors of the Acromion Process—A Pictorial Review

Introduction Acromion is essential for stabilizing the shoulder complex. Tumors of the acromion are rare. We report the largest series of acromion tumor and tumor-like lesion. Materials and Methods A retrospective review of the oncology and radiology database within our tertiary center for orthopaedic oncology was performed to identify all tumors of the acromion over the past 30 years and imaging was reviewed. Results We identified a total of 31 lesions arising in the acromion and chondrosarcoma was the commonest. Conclusion One needs to be aware of tumor and tumor-like lesions of acromion.

Role of Intraoperative Pathology Consultation by Imprint and Scrape Cytology in Soft Tissue Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions

Intraoperative pathologic consultation plays an essential role in therapeutic decision making, possibly avoiding under or overtreatment of the patient. Common indications for intraoperative consultation include obtaining a diagnosis in an unknown pathology, ruling out malignancy, confirming a provisional diagnosis, and assessing margin status. Fifty patients undergoing surgery for soft tissue tumors or tumor-like lesions were included in the present prospective study to evaluate the role of intraoperative pathologic consultation by imprint and scrape cytology. Careful and quick gross examination of the specimen was performed, followed by processing for imprint and scrape smears. The prepared smears were evaluated by three pathologists and the cytological diagnosis compared subsequently with final histopathological diagnosis. Intraoperative consultation was primarily requested to make or confirm preoperative diagnosis. In 44.0% cases, no previous tissue/cytological diagnosis was available. In 56.0% cases, previous pathological diagnosis was available, but the reports were inconclusive or were reported from outside our institute. The diagnostic yield of imprint smears was 24% (5 malignant, 6 benign, and 1 inconclusive), and scrape smears was 100% (10 malignant, 38 benign, and 2 inconclusive). Paraffin-embedded sections yielded diagnosis in 100% cases (11 malignant, 38 benign, and 1 nonneoplastic). Imprint smears alone were not of much help in intraoperative diagnosis. Scrape smears were found to be superior to imprint smears in terms of diagnostic yield and accuracy. Combined imprint and scrape smear cytology did not provide any advantage in intraoperative provisional tissue diagnosis in soft tissue tumors.

Clinical and imaging features of tumors in the scapula

Background: Scapula is a small irregular-shaped flat bone, which may suffer from a variety of tumors or tumor-like lesions. Because the imaging manifestations are complex and changeable, correct imaging diagnosis is difficult. Introduction: At present, there are few related radiology literatures, and it is necessary to fully analyze the imaging signs of different types of benign and malignant tumors in scapula to guide clinical treatment. This study was to investigate clinical and imaging presentations of tumors and tumor-like lesions in the scapula so as to increase the diagnostic accuracy of diseases in the scapula. Methods: Patients with scapular tumors confirmed by pathology were enrolled. The imaging and clinical data were analyzed. Result: Among 108 patients, benign tumors were in 53 (49.1%) cases, intermediate in seven (6.5%), and malignant in 48 (44.4%) involving 16 diseases. Osteochondroma was the first benign tumors in 45 cases accounting for 84.9% of all benign scapular tumors followed by chondroma in four cases (7.5%). The intermediate tumors were mainly eosinophilic granuloma in four cases. Metastatic tumors were the commonest malignant tumor (27 cases or 56.2% of all malignant tumors), followed by chondrosarcoma (in 13 cases). Except for the one case of chondroblastoma in which the lesion involved the glenoid cavity, all the other cartilaginous tumors were located in the scapular body and processes. The type of lesions in the bony processes is the same as in the scapular body, the common lesions in the central area of body were malignant tumors, and the commonest lesions in the glenoid area were metastasis. Common imaging features of malignant scapular tumors were ill-defined margins, cortical destruction and soft tissue involvement. The imaging features of chondrosarcoma lack specificity except calcification. Benign lesions usually had clear boundary and marginal sclerosis. Conclusion : A wide variety of benign and malignant tumors may occur in the scapula with mostly cartilaginous and metastatic tumors, and the location and distribution of lesions are similar in the scapula to those in the long bones.