Performance Analysis of a Main Drive Motor—Initial Study of an EV Modeling Software Design

This study aimed to determine and analyze the performance of an electric motor installed in a small city car, which was an internal combustion engine (ICE) car with manual transmission and front-wheel drive converted into an electric vehicle. A manual transmission vehicle was used, considering its type is the cheapest. This was to push aside the perception that electric cars are not accessible to the lower classes. Another technical matter was the focus on the power and torque performance of the electric motor and the transmission. A 7.5 KW three-phase induction motor was installed and assembled with 200 AH 76.8 VDC batteries. Electronic power steering (EPS) and the air conditioner (AC) were not operated, while power for the electrical accessories and power analyzer was obtained from a separate 12 VDC battery. Vehicle analysis focused on the power consumption, which was measured and acquired using a power analyzer. The vehicle was driven in real terms with three passengers. GPS was also used to determine the vehicle position and collect elevation data during testing. The derivatives of the GPS data were the speed, acceleration, and distance traveled by the vehicle. The initial hypothesis was that the car could cover a distance of 30 km with regular usage.

Kaji Eksperimental Tingkat Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Minyak Sepeda Motor Manual Transmission dengan Penambahan Bioethanol

Keterbatasan bahan bakar fosil yang berasal dari minyak bumi mendorong penggunaan sumber energi terbarukan. Bioethanol merupakan salah satu sumber energi alternatif untuk bahan bakar yang dihasilkan dari tanaman dapat menjadi salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Sepeda motor sebagai moda transportasi mayoritas di Indonesia masih bahan bakar minyak (BBM) sebagai sumber energi untuk penggerak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek penambahan bioethanol pada bahan bakar minyak. Bioethanol sebesar 8%, 10%, dan 12% akan digunakan untuk substitusi BBM jenis Pertalite, Pertamax dan Pertamax turbo. Pengujian dilakukan pada sepeda motor dengan transmisi manual pada 20 (dua puluh) kecepatan, dan 5 percepatan (gigi transmisi) untuk setiap jenis bahan bakar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi paling efisien didapat pada Pertalite dengan penambahan bioethanol 10%, serta Pertalite dengan penambahan bioethanol 10% mampu menempuh jarak 71.5 km/l.

Investigating the Use and Performance of a Three-wheeler used in Inner City Transportation in Sub-Saharan Africa

The dominance of three-wheelers in inner city transportation cannot be overrated, because it is presumed to be safer compared to two-wheel drives. It is an intermediary between the motor cycles and taxis, as it is efficient for both passengers and goods transportation. However, as manufacturers introduce newer brands into the market, the impact relating to mechanical functioning is usually overlooked. This study was designed to evaluate the performance of the transmission system of the three-wheeler. In order to gather background information on the three-wheeler and its users, a questionnaire was administered to thirty (30) drivers. A Bajaj engine was selected because of the orientation of the output shaft and mounted on a test-rig equipped with a dynamometer. Output speed (OS), output torque (OT), fuel consumed and time taken under five loading conditions namely; No Load, 120W, 800W, 920W and 1600W corresponding to idle, downhill, level ground and overload/uphill conditions were recorded. However, it was discovered that 60% of the drivers were less than 40 years old, while the remaining 40% were adults. The output speed and torque for No-load and downhill, likewise medium load and level ground are similar, but the uphill was different. The results showed that Bajaj and TVS brands are used, Bajaj being the oldest. Also, there is significant variation in engine output with loading and terrain navigation with associated noise as load increases. The manual transmission fitted with the engine seems unable to properly transmit engine output from the shafts. A better transmission is therefore recommended. Keywords— Dynamometer, Output speed, output torque, three-wheeler

Implementation of automatic manual transmission for a two wheeler

The concept of Automatic Manual Transmission (AMT) is picking up speed in India after the launch of the Maruti Suzuki Celerio. But very few of the two-wheeler manufacturers in the world have tried to implement the AMT concept in a motorcycle. There are gearless motorcycles available which use a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) and a Centrifugal clutch, but this setup is very inefficient compared to a positive gear drivetrain. Thus these gearless motorcycles get low mileage and are also more expensive to manufacture. Geared motorcycles, on the other hand, have better starting torque, greater mileage and a higher span of gear ratios. They are also cheaper, but the average buyer is discouraged by the complexity of the operation. Even those familiar with riding a motorcycle do not shift optimally to obtain the best mileage/performance. The aim of this paper is to present an innovative AMT system developed and implemented on a manual geared motorcycle having a sequential constant-mesh gearbox with a multi-plate clutch. This was carried out by interfacing the manual gear shifting motorcycle with a microcontroller and using an electronic actuation mechanism to make it an automatic gear shifting motorcycle. The significant steps of this project would involve the sensor readouts of the parameters necessary, the actuation of the controls and, most importantly, the algorithm for the optimal shift points for a given motorcycle. These would be obtained experimentally and using the manufacturer data, if available. This AMT setup has been successfully developed and implemented. This setup can then be applied to any geared motorcycle with minimal structural changes without any modification to its existing gearbox. This converts the manual geared motorcycle into the automatic gear shifting motorcycle having better fuel economy and lower maintenance costs as compared to the conventional CVT motorcycles.