INVESTIGATIONS ON FORAGE YIELD OF OAT GENOTYTPES UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS OF KONYA

Shoot tips of newly emerging mango shoots were used as an explant and cultured on MS media for direct shooting. Different plant growth regulators i.e. BAP, NAA and IAA in varying concentrations were added to basal MS media. Experiment was laid out according to Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and each treatment was replicated thrice. Maximum shoot induction (55.56%) was observed with 1 mg/L of BAP. Maximum mortality (83.30%) was observed when maximum concentration of BAP (3 mg/L) was used. Minimum days (12.633) to induce shoots were observed on MS media supplemented with 1 mg/L of BAP. Maximum number of shoots (2.50) were recorded in MS media supplemented with 1 mg/L of BAP. Low concentration of NAA initiated roots earlier in regenerated shoots as compare to high concentrations of NAA and IAA. MS media supplemented with NAA (1 mg/L) took less days (21 days) to induce roots. The combination of auxins (MS+ NAA 3 mg /L + IAA 1 mg /L) proved the best for root induction (38.87%). Keywords: Mangifera indica, tropical fruits, asexual propagation, plant tissue culture, micropropagation, phenolic exudation, acclimatization.

THE COMBINATION OF GROWTH HORMONES INCREASED THE IN VITRO SHOOTS MULTIPLICATION ON SAGO PALM (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)

Pohon sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) mempunyai banyak keunggulan dibanding dengan tanaman-tanaman penghasil pati lainnya, khususnya karena memiliki produktivitas yang tinggi, tumbuh di area bantaran sungai dan rawa, yang merupakan lingkungan tidak sesuai bagi pertumbuhan tanaman-tanaman lain. Dalam rangka membangun suatu perkebunan sagu di area yang luas, maka sangat dibutuhkan anakan-anakan sagu yang ukurannya seragam dalam jumlah yang besar. Namun demikian, terbatasnya jumlah anakan yang seragam telah menjadi kendala bagi pengembangan perkebunan sagu. Sebagai alternatif, perbanyakan in vitro dengan induksi tunas langsung dilakukan untuk mendapatkan bibit-bibit sagu dengan genotip unggul secara masal. Anakan sagu yang diperoleh dari Propinsi Maluku digunakan sebagai sumber eksplan. Eksplan dikultur pada media MS dan B5 yang mengandung kombinasi hormon auksin dan sitokinin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan BAP 2.0 ppm dan NAA 2.0 ppm menghasilkan jumlah tunas terbanyak.Kata kunci: Auksin, sitokinin, in vitro, sagu, inisiasi tunas ABSTRACTSago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) has many advantages over other starch-producing crops especially for its higher yield, ability to grow along riverbanks and on swampy areas not suitable for other crops. With the purpose of establishing large-scale plantations, a large amount of uniform sago palm suckers are required. However, limited availability of uniform suckers has hindered the mass propagation and development of cultivated Sago palm. Alternatively, in vitro cultures were performed in order to obtain a large-scale of mass clonally propagation of superior genotypes of sago palm. The young suckers obtained from areas of Maluku Province were used as explants. In vitro culture was carried out through direct shooting. The explants were cultured on two kinds of media, which were MS and B5 media containing various growth hormones of auxins and cytokinins. The results showed that the treatment with BAP 2.0 ppm and NAA 2.0 ppm produced the highest number of shoots.Keywords: Auxin, cytokinin, in vitro, sago palm, shoot initiation

Gliding Trajectory Optimization Method Based on Particle Swarm Optimization and Direct Shooting Method

Glide trajectory optimization of vehicle can greatly improve the performance of missile. As is well-known, methods of trajectory optimization can be divided into direct and indirect methods. Generally, the direct method is convenient and can obtain the optimal solution with higher probability. Based on the direct method, a missile trajectory is optimized by discretizing the control quantity (angle of attack) and transforming the original optimal control problem to a nonlinear programing problem (NLP) in the present paper. The particle swarm optimization algorithm that is easy to implement and has higher convergence rate is utilized to solve the transformed NLP to generate the optimal angle of attack rule. Simulation results show that with the optimal rule, gliding distance of missile is clearly improved compared to the initial one.

Study of the Optimal Design for the Gliding Trajectory

The optimal design for the gliding trajectory is studied. The particle trajectory model in the longitudinal plane is established. Aiming at solving the problems in numerical solution ,the direct shooting method based on the interpolating function of Akima is put forward .In direct collocation method, the parameters of the trajectory with approximate maximum lift-drag ratio is adopted as the starting value of the optimal variables. The trajectory with approximate maximum lift-drag ratio could be obtained by the search method. The transfer approach of turning the problem of trajectory optimization to the problem of parameter optimization by the direct shooting method is illustrated. To one kind of guided vehicles in simulation, the simulation results prove the practicability of the direct shooting method.