Multi-Criteria Location Model of Emergency Shelters in Humanitarian Logistics

Natural disasters can cause serious casualties and economic losses, and emergency shelters are effective measures to reduce disaster risks and protect lives. At present, the location models of refuge facilities often ignore the diversion of shelter from the perspective of humanitarian logistics and the needs of victims. Such models also seldom consider the impact of the pre-storage of relief materials on the location of shelters. In this study, on the basis of the different needs of disaster victims, shelters are divided into two types—basic life and psychological medical service guarantees. While considering the full coverage of shelter needs, capacities, and budget constraints, the shelter distance, the optimized distribution of refugees, and the pre-stock quantity of goods are optimized. The facility service quality is optimized on the basis of qualitative factors. This study proposes a multi-standard constrained site selection model to optimize the pre-disaster shelter site-allocation problem. The model is helpful for decision makers to influence shelter siting and victims’ allocating process through their expertise and to obtain a solution that compromises multiple objectives. In this study, several basic cases are generated from the actual data of certain areas in Sichuan Province, a disaster-prone region in China, to verify the effectiveness of the model.

Gender Determinant Factors for Bus Shelter Planning in Sustainable Urban Infrastructure

This article examines 14 factors related to mainstreaming gender for bus shelter planning in the creation of sustainable urban infrastructure in Semarang city. By conducting an interview survey of 70 male and female respondents, without being restricted by age, significant results were obtained in evaluating the performance of BRT shelters in the Corridor I Semarang using Crosstab technique. There are 4 gender determinant factors were resulted. Those are, in respective orders; availability of seats in the shelter, distance between the floor of the shelter and the bus body when riding/ descending passengers, the length of time waiting in the shelter, and the proximity of the location of the shelter to the pedestrian. It is clear that gender contributes to sustainable infrastructure as it gives equal access the perceptions, interests, needs and priorities of passengers to be weighted in planning and decision making.

Hierarchical decision making: resource distribution exhibits stronger effect on crayfish dominance relationships and shelter occupation than prior social experience and resource ownership

The outcome of agonistic interactions is critical to the acquisition of vital resources. These behaviours can be influenced by several intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and multi-faceted studies are necessary for ecologically relevant studies. The aim of this study was to combine the effects of past social experience, resource ownership, and the distribution of shelter resources to examine the combination of these effects on various measures of agonism in crayfish (Orconectes rusticus). Crayfish were assigned to one of three social conditioning treatments (naïve, subordinate, dominant) and then introduced to an arena where they were assigned to a resident or intruder treatment. An intruder shelter was then positioned 20, 60 or 120 cm from the resident shelter. We found that resource distribution (shelter distance) played a larger role in influencing agonistic behaviour than did past social experience or current social status.