Maharski prekop, Stare gmajne and Blatna Brezovica settlements and the vegetation of Ljubljansko barje (Slovenia) in the 4th millennium cal BC

In the 4th millennium cal BC the hinterlands of Ljubljansko barje basin were covered by beech-fir (Abies-Fagus) and mixed oak (Quercus) forests. People of several Eneolithic cultural groups were cutting/burning forests to open the landscape for fields and pastures. This paper focuses on high-resolution palynological analyses of pile-dwelling settlements Maharski prekop, Stare gmajne and Blatna Brezovica to investigate human impact on the vegetation, and to compare past economy and vegetation history in various parts of Ljubljansko barje. The results revealed that there were no major changes of vegetation throughout the 4th millennium cal. BC, neither were there any major differences between vegetation of the selected study sites. Cultural layers from archaeological sites (in larger quantities than off-site cores) contain pollen of plants that were brought to the settlement by people: cereals and other cultivars (Cereal t., Linum), weeds (Centaurea), grazing indicators (Plantago lanceolata, Campanula, Ranunculaceae), ruderal taxa (Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia), (gathered) shrubs (Corylus) and herbs. Traces of anthropogenic impacts from older settlements were detected in sediments below archaeological cultural layers at all study sites.

Some Antiviral Mushrooms of Nepal

The present paper is a review based on published articles to highlight some potential antiviral mushrooms, which are also found in Nepal. Nepalese mushrooms have not yet been analyzed and investigated so far for their antiviral properties except antioxidant and ACE-Inhibition sources of 62 Nepalese mushrooms as evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. OphicordycepsSinensiswas screened for its chemical compound in Nepal The published paper from abroad includes the species like Calvatia gigantia, Cordyceps militaris, Cortinarius caperatus, Fomes fomentarius, Ganoderma lucidum, Grifolafrondosa, HericiumErinaceus, Inonotushispidus, Inonotus obliquus, Lentinula edodes, Omphalotusilludens, Ophiocordyceps Sinensis, Phellinus Ignarius, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Pleurotus eryngii. Pleurotus ostreatus, Polyporus Umbellatus, Russula Delica.Schizophyllum commune, Scleroderma citrinum, Tremella sp., and Trametes Versicolor are also found in the natural temperate (Schima – Castanopsis- Rhododendron – Quercus) forests of Kathmandu valley. This paper may provide the researchers with a glimpse of the aspects of the experiment and lead to investigate on medicinal, antiviral, and antibacterial properties of mushrooms found in Nepal.

Ternstroemia acajetensis (Pentaphylacaceae), a new species from the cloud forest in central Veracruz, Mexico

Ternstroemia acajetensis Cast.-Campos & Palacios-Wassenaar sp. nov. is described and illustrated. This new taxon is part of the arboreal and shrub strata of cloud forests, Quercus forests, and Pinus-Quercus forests in the mountains of the states of Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca, Mexico. This species is related to T. sylvatica and T. huasteca, which grow in similar environments. However, the new species can be differentiated from the others by the length of the peduncle, the shape of the petals, the color of the flowers, and the length of the prolongation of the connective in the anthers.

Rove beetles collected with carrion traps (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in Quercus forest of Cerro de García, Jalisco and Quercus, Quercus-pine, and pine forests in other jurisdictions of Mexico

We present the species diversity of rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) collected with carrion baited traps in Quercus forests of Cerro de García, Jalisco, and provide a compilation of published species records in Quercus, Quercus-pine and pine forests in other jurisdictions of Mexico. This work includes taxonomic notes, information on species phenology, distribution, and their occurrence in Cerro de García (if applicable), and other jurisdictions of Mexico. In Cerro de García, 75 species were collected in total, of which 16 are shared with other Quercus forests in different locations, and 9 species are provided with new habitat data. The remaining individuals were only determined to morphospecies. In Mexico, there are 77 known species of rove beetles collected with carrion traps (determined to species or near species) and recorded from Quercus, Quercus-pine and pine forests. These species belong to 30 genera, 11 tribes and 10 subfamilies. This study provides biological information on Mexican rove beetles captured with carrion traps and highlights the importance of rove beetles as indicator species of habitat change for conservation analysis, forestry, agronomy and forensic sciences studies.