DARI ANARKI KE HIRARKI: EKSPOSISI GAGASAN THOMAS HOBBES SEBAGAI RUJUKAN TEORI REALISME

In International Relation theory discourse, Classical Realism has some typical characteristics that differentiate it from other theories. The typical characteristics can be indicated by the ideas of Anarchy and Conflict. The two ideas in Classical Realism theory refers to Thomas Hobbes� Political Philosophy on the State of Nature. Considering that the two ideas are only two of the entire ideas of Thomas Hobbes� Political Philosophy, the State of Anarchy and Conflict in Classical Realism theory needs to be completed with other ideas. The writing has been made to show the function of ratio as a reason to seek peace in a hierarchical relation through Leviathan�s power. Therefore, it can be seen that Thomas Hobbes discusses not only about the state of anarchy but also the fact of hierarchical system urgency to avoid conflict.

Arctic Diplomacy: A Theoretical Evaluation of Russian Foreign Policy in the High North

International interest in the Arctic is heating up along with the planet’s atmosphere and the region is increasingly presented as a new potential hotspot for inter-state competition and discord. Inevitably, Russia is often at the centre of this implicitly ‘realist’ narrative. This study provides an evaluation of Moscow’s Arctic policy between 2000 and 2019 from an international relation theory perspective by building upon the burgeoning literature on the Arctic and sources on Russian foreign policy in general. This study postulates that several elements of Russian regional policy in the High North do indeed follow realist readings of the international politics yet it also demonstrates how structural realism fails to adequately account for the institutionalization of regional relations and, most notably, neglects the importance of domestic factors, specifically historical memory, towards understanding Moscow’s contemporary Arctic policy.