Pilimiction, A Rare Presentation of Ovarian Teratoma: A Case Report

Background: Adnexal teratoma involving the urinary bladder is a very rare condition. Presentation is variable ranging from irritative LUTS (lower urinary tract symptoms) to pilimiction or trichiuria (passage of hair in the urine).Case presentation: We report a case of a 42-year-old woman who presented with pilimiction and lower abdominal pain. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan (CECT) and Cystoscopy were used for the diagnosis. Tumor markers were negative. Right side salpingo-oophorectomy and partial bladder wall excision were performed. Histopathology of the specimen showed features consistent with mature teratoma. The Patient-reported improvement of symptoms in the subsequent follow-up visits.Conclusion: Pilimiction is a pathognomonic sign of bladder teratomas. Therefore, it is wise to think of this pathology in patients who report the passage of hair through the urine (trichiuria or pilimiction), as in our case. Cystoscopy and cross-sectional imaging aided in the initial diagnosis. However, a definitive diagnosis was provided by histopathology.We performed right-side salpingo-oophorectomy and partial cystectomy. Transurethral resection is associated with a high recurrence rate and is not recommended for secondary bladder teratomas.

Mature ovarian teratoma-associated encephalitis

Introduction. Autoimmune encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma is a serious and potentially fatal pathology. While this clinical entity is known to neurologists, the available literature rarely mentions the role of a gynecologist in diagnostic imagining and treatment. Although several months have passed from the appearance of the symptoms to surgical treatment, this case shows that even then a complete recovery is possible. Case presentation. The patient was a 28-year-old female, brought to the hospital because a sudden onset of unusual behavior - an acute psychosis with suicidal thoughts and auditory hallucinations. Soon after the admission she became delirious, uncooperative and agitated. Blood check, neurological assessment and cranial computed tomography yielded normal results. Therefore, a psychiatric disorder was suspected. Electroencephalogram revealed a diffuse encephalitic insufficiency. As cerebrospinal fluid was negative for infections, the autoimmune etiology of the disease was suspected. Abdominal computer tomography showed a complex right ovarian mass measuring 50 x 40 x 30 mm, confirmed by vaginal ultrasound. Laparoscopy with right adnexectomy was performed. The pathohistological finding showed a mature teratoma. In the meantime, the result of the cerebrospinal fluid test came positive for anti NMDAR antibodies. Six months after surgery, the patient was in a good mental and neurological status without symptoms. Conclusion. Gynecologists should be aware of the presence of ovarian tumors in encephalitis cases. A timely diagnosis of the underlying gynecological cause of a neurological condition, allows for prompt treatment and can remarkably improve clinical conditions and, thus, be lifesaving.

Therapeutic apheresis in the complex pathogenetic therapy of anti-NMDA encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma at a late stage of the disease

Anti‑NMDA encephalitis is a rare autoimmune disease of the central nervous system caused by the synthesis of autoantibodies to the NR1/NR2 subunits of the NMDA receptor, characterized by the development of acute mental, cognitive, motor, autonomic disorders, epileptic syndrome and central hypoventilation.The article presents a three‑year observation of patient 34 years old with anti‑NMDA ncephalitis associated with late‑ stage ovarian teratoma, accompanied by an increase titer of antibodies to NMDA receptors in serum to 1:640.Based on a detailed analysis of clinical, neurological, neuropsychological (MMSE, MoСA, FAB, 10 words test A.R. Luria) and laboratory‑instrumental characteristics of the disease (titer anti‑NMDA, level of IgG, IgM, IgA, lymphocyte subpopulations, EEG, MRI of the brain, pelvis) suggested a combination scheme of first and second line therapy. The sequential use of two cycles of medium‑volume membrane plasmapheresis (25–30 % of the circulating plasma volume, No. 5 + 5) was carried out in combination with pulse therapy with methylprednisolone 1.0 (No. 4 + 3) and cyclophasphamide 1.0 (No. 2 + 1) on background of persistent ovarian teratoma. Symptom regression was achieved by the end of the first cycle, and full recovery to the initial level of cognitive functions occurred after the second cycle, while maintaining the anti‑NMDA antibody titer to 1:160. After removal of ovarian teratoma, the level of anti‑NMDA decreased in a month to 1:40, and after 7 months it reached normal values (<1:10) against the background of basic pill therapy with methotrexate 12.5 mg/week.Thus, a rational combination and sequence of first and second line therapy and therapeutic apheresis, taking into account the pathogenetic features of each phase of the disease, can quickly achieve complete stable remission in patient with anti‑NMDA encephalitis.

Benign ovarian teratoma in the dog with predominantly nervous tissue: A case report

Ovarian teratomas are rare neoplasms in female dogs, and they are characterised by the proliferation of tissues of embryonic origin. Most teratomas are benign, but a histological diagnosis is important for clinicians. The objective of this article is to describe a benign ovarian teratoma in a dog, which was found on the street and was appearing like pregnant. A veterinary inspection by palpation documented an enlarged abdomen with a mass of tough matter located on the right side in the abdominal-pelvic part. An ultrasound examination presumed neoplastic mass in region of ovary. A bilateral ovariohysterectomy was performed and the subsequent histological evaluation revealed a benign ovarian teratoma with a histochemically and immunohistochemically verified nervous tissue. After one year, no distant metastases were found and the dog was recognised as being clinically healthy without problems. On the basis of the ultrasonography diagnostics and histopathological analyses, we have demonstrated the occurrence of a benign ovarian teratoma in a dog.

Rate of Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis in Ovarian Teratomas

Background The rate of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARE) in ovarian teratomas is unknown. We aim to identify the prevalence of NMDARE as well as volumetric and histopathologic characteristics of ovarian teratomas in patients with versus without. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study to identify patients with confirmed ovarian teratomas and the characteristics of teratomas in NMDARE compared with non-NMDARE patients. Patients aged between 0 and 21 years with confirmed histopathological diagnosis of ovarian teratoma after resection were included. The rate of NMDARE in ovarian teratomas was identified. Moreover, volumes of ovarian teratomas and the frequency of neuronal glial elements on histopathology in NMDARE versus non-NMDARE patients were assessed. Results Five out of one-hundred-and-sixty-three (3.07%) patients with histopathology confirmed ovarian teratomas were diagnosed with NMDARE. Age was not different between the NMDARE (mean: 13.8 years, standard deviation: 3.9) and non-NMDARE groups (median: 14, interquartile range [IQR]: 5). Teratoma volumes from NMDARE patients were smaller than those of non-NMDARE patients (median 28.3 cm3 with IQR of 431.2 and median 182.8 with IQR of 635.0, respectively). Both age and NMDARE diagnosis were statistically significant variables in the analysis of variance on a multiple linear regression model. Age (p = 0.013) had a positive correlation with teratoma size, whereas presence of NMDARE had a negative correlation (p = 0.008). Conclusion The rate of NMDARE in ovarian teratomas is low and NMDARE patients have smaller teratomas than non-NMDARE. Further studies are needed to understand the timing of anti-NMDA receptor antibodies in teratomas and the development of NMDARE.