Assessment and final reports in foreign language lessons

Psycholinguists are interested in how words are stored in human memory. The question as to whether words are stored as single root words or whether they are stored along with the affixes still remains a controversial issue. Aitchison (1987) believes that each word has a separate entry. Mackay (1978) and Taft (1981) hold that words are made of constituent morphemes. When we listen, we decompose the morphemes and when we speak, we combine them to make multimorphemic words. The decomposition view claims that only the root is stored in memory. To test this claim, a group of 50 intermediate level students at the preparatory department of a state university situated on the western coast of Turkey were selected. They were taught 10 pseudo root nouns and verbs and 10 psuedo complex nouns and verbs. To see how the morphological complexity affected lexical access and which type of words were better remembered, they were tested on these words. Then the same group was given 10 root and 10 complex words in their mother tongue and their answer times were compared. Students recalled the root words more easily and accurately.The results shed light on the validity of the decomposition theory, showcasing we remember the words in roots better.

Interneuronal Transfer and Distal Action of Tetanus Toxin and Botulinum Neurotoxins A and D in Central Neurons

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT/A, BoNT/D), and tetanus toxin (TeNT) enter neurons via two separate entry pathways: a canonical synaptic vesicle recycling pathway that leads to local effects, and a distinct secondary uptake pathway that directs these toxins to a common, non- acidified, retrograde carrier.

Commitment: The term and the notions

This volume brings together thoroughly reworked versions of a selection of papers presented at the conference The Notion of Commitment in Linguistics, held at the University of Antwerp in January 2007. It is the companion volume to a collection of essays in French to be published in Langue Française and devoted to La notion de prise en charge. Commitment is a close counterpart toprise en charge, and two contributors, Celle and Lansari, use it essentially as a translation of the French term. However, commitment and its verbal cognates (to commit NP to and to be committed to) do not cover the exact same range of meanings as prise en charge. For a thorough assessment of the French term, we refer readers to the introduction to the Langue Française volume. In the present article, we focus entirely on commitment. The term is widely used in at least three major areas of linguistic enquiry:1 studies on illocutionary acts, studies on modality and evidentiality, and the formal modelling of dialogue/argumentation. In spite of its frequent use, the notion has rarely been theorised and has never been the subject of a monograph or a specialised reader. In keeping with this is the fact that none of the many dictionaries and encyclopaedias of linguistics or philosophy that we have consulted devotes a separate entry to it. Section 1 of this introduction briefly reviews what commitment means in the three fields just mentioned. Now and then, with respect to a particular issue, pointers are given to which articles in this collection have something to say about the issue. In section 2, we take a lexical and syntactic look at the ways in which the contributors to the present volume use the term. In section 3, we outline each of the contributions, with a focus on the role that commitment plays in them.

Identification of Tandem Bullets

The possibility of identifying tandem bullets, causing separate entry holes on one or two victims, or found separately at the scene of a crime, is investigated. The phenomenon of tandem bullets has been studied to evaluate the physical evidence. The presence of deep indentations of propellant particles on the exposed lead base cavity, along with patches of striations on the inner periphery of the cavity, have been found to be useful physical evidence to conclude that the bullet had moved in tandem and was a lodged bullet. An outward protrusion of the base acts as corroborative physical evidence that the bullet was the striking bullet.

RESOLUTION AND CURVED PATH COMPUTATION OF STEEP DIP USING AN ELECTRONIC COMPUTER

A program for a basic IBM 650 electronic computer is discussed that resolves and computes four‐way seismic dip control. The velocity parameters are a separate entry to the program in order that prospect re‐evaluation, because of new velocity data, can be easily accomplished. Ample identification of specific reflection data is permitted. Although written specifically for curved path velocity assumptions, modification for different types of velocity functions would be a comparatively simple task.

The so-called ‘thermokalite’ and the existence of sodium bicarbonate as a mineral

In a brief account of the Johnston-Lavis collection of Vesuvian minerals, now preserved in University College, London, Dr. K. W. Earle mentions ‘a large number of specimens of “Thermokalite”, a new member of the Haloid group, which has, apparently, so far escaped description.’ This previously unpublished name was copied from Dr. Johnston-Lavis's manuscript labels. The late Dr. H. J. Johnston-Lavis (1856-1914) possibly considered that this mineral was the potassium compound corresponding to thermonatrite [Na2CO3.H2O]. A provisional name for an undetermined mineral having, in this way, unfortunately been published, it seemed desirable to clear up the matter. For this purpose Dr. Earle very kindly supplied two good specimens of the mineral for investigation. Access was also given to the note-books kept by Dr. Johnston-Lavis. He had made a separate entry for each specimen and the carbon copies were placed with the specimens. The entry for ‘thermokalite’ reads in every case : ‘Thermokalite (n. sp.) by Tunnel nr. Stufe di Nerone, Baja.’ This locality is situated about nine miles west of Naples in the Phlegrean Fields (Campi Phlegraei).